关键词: 鼠疫, 自然疫源地, 防控, 新疆

Abstract: Objective To retrospectively analyze the prevalence and control of plague in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), China from1901 to 2020, and to provide a reference for future plague control. Methods Through consulting the literature, collecting archives and monitoring data from the Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and using retrospective epidemiological methods, the epidemic pattern and prevention of human plague and animal plague in Xinjiang were analyzed. Results Before the founding of new China, there were 12 human plague outbreaks, causing over 100 000 deaths. After the founding of new China, there were 12 human plague outbreaks, with 47 plague cases, causing 28 deaths, with a fatality rate of 59.57%. Up to now, four major types of natural plague foci have been found in Xinjiang (330 000 km²), distributed in 25 counties/cities/districts. Seventy-five species of 34 genera of 10 families of rodents were discovered, and 2 058 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from rodents. Conclusion The natural plague foci in Xinjiang cover a large area, and the animal plague is persistently prevalent. In order to effectively control and rapidly cope with the plague epidemic and ensure the smooth implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, the construction of plague prevention and control system should be strengthened.

Key words: Plague, Natural focus, Prevention and control, Xinjiang