重庆市沙坪坝区家栖鼠类及鼠传病原体感染状况调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解重庆市沙坪坝区家栖鼠类密度、鼠种构成及致病性钩端螺旋体（钩体）、莫氏立克次体、汉坦病毒和新型布尼亚病毒4种病原体在鼠体内的感染状况，为鼠传疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 2021年3－5月选择沙坪坝区东、中、西3个片区共计10个镇（街）为调查点，采用笼夜法捕获鼠类并采集其肝、肺、脾、肾等生物组织，利用磁珠法提取核酸，实时荧光定量PCR法进行4种病原体的检测。运用Excel 2016、SPSS 21.0软件分别对数据进行记录整理和统计分析，采用χ²检验对不同片区鼠密度、鼠种构成及不同生境鼠密度进行比较，Fisher精确检验对不同生境鼠种构成及不同片区、生境、鼠种病原体阳性率进行比较。结果沙坪坝区共捕获家栖鼠类200只，鼠密度为20.77%，不同片区鼠密度差异无统计学意义（χ²=2.051，P=0.359）。农贸市场鼠密度最高（24.62%），城镇居民区鼠密度最低（14.96%），不同生境鼠密度差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.584，P=0.035）。主要鼠种有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠及小家鼠，其中，褐家鼠占89.50%，为沙坪坝区优势种群，不同片区鼠种构成差异无统计学意义（χ²=4.505，P=0.342）。城镇居民区以褐家鼠、小家鼠为主，餐饮店仅捕获褐家鼠，农村居民区和农贸市场3个鼠种均有分布，不同生境鼠种构成差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。4种鼠传病原体中，仅钩体核酸阳性，阳性率为4.00%。西部片区钩体阳性率最高（5.36%），不同片区鼠检出钩体阳性率差异无统计学意义（P=0.729）。农村居民区钩体阳性率最高（6.35%），农贸市场钩体阳性率最低（2.04%），不同生境鼠钩体阳性率差异无统计学意义（P=0.730）。不同鼠种钩体阳性率差异亦无统计学意义（P=0.200），但褐家鼠在捕获总数（179只）和钩体阳性数（6只）上具有绝对优势。结论沙坪坝区家栖鼠类密度较高，鼠种包括褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠，褐家鼠为优势种。钩体为该地鼠类本次检测到的唯一病原体，应继续加强鼠类生态学及病原学监测，重点针对褐家鼠开展鼠类防制工作，降低鼠传疾病的发生风险。

关键词: 家栖鼠类, 鼠传病原体, 感染状况, 实时荧光定量PCR

Abstract: Objective To investigate the density of rodents,the species composition of rodents,and the infection status of the four pathogenic pathogens,Leptospira,Rickettsia mooseri,Hantavirus,and Novel bunyavinus in domestic rodents in Shapingba district of Chongqing,China,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods From March to May of 2021,10 towns and streets were selected as investigation sites from the eastern,central,and western areas of Shapingba district.The cage trap method was used to capture rodents,and tissue samples of the liver,lung,spleen,kidney,etc,were collected.The magnetic bead method was used to extract nucleic acid,and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the above 4 pathogens.Excel 2016 and SPSS 21.0 softwares were used for data compilation and statistical analysis;the Chi-square test was used for comparison of rodent density and rodent species composition across different areas,as well as rodent density across different habitats;the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of rodent species composition across different habitats and the positive rate of pathogens across different areas and habitats.Results A total of 200 domestic rodents were captured in Shapingba district,with a rodent density of 20.77%,and there was no significant difference in rodent density across different areas (χ²=2.051,P=0.359).Farmers'market had the highest rodent density of 24.62%,while urban residential area had the lowest rodent density of 14.96%,and there was a significant difference in rodent density across different habitats (χ²=8.584,P=0.035).The main species of rodents were Rattus norvegicus,R.tanezumi,and Mus musculus,among which R.norvegicus accounted for 89.50% and was the dominant species in Shapingba district,and there was no significant difference in the species composition of rodents across different areas (χ²=4.505,P=0.342).R.norvegicus and M.musculus were the dominant species in urban residential areas,while only R.norvegicus was captured in restaurants,and all three species were distributed in rural residential areas and farmers'markets;there was a significant difference in species composition across different habitats (P=0.001).Among the four rodent-borne pathogens,only Leptospira was detected,with a positive rate of 4.00%.The western area showed the highest positive rate of Leptospira(5.36%),and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of Leptospira across different areas (P=0.729).Rural residential areas had the highest positive rate of Leptospira(6.35%),while farmers'market had the lowest positive rate (2.04%),and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of Leptospira across different habitats (P=0.730).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Leptospira across different rodent species (P=0.200),but R.norvegicus had the highest numbers of total catch (179) and most rodents with positive Leptospira(6).Conclusion The density of domestic rodents in Shapingba district is high.The rodent species include R.norvegicus,R.tanezumi, and M.musculus.R.norvegicus is the dominant species.Leptospira is the only pathogen detected in the rodents in Shapingba district in this investigation,and the ecological and pathogenic surveillance of rodents should be further strengthened,with a focus on the prevention and control of R. norvegicus,so as to reduce the risk of rodent-borne diseases.

Key words: Domestic rodents, Rodent-borne pathogen, Infection status, Quantitative real-time PCR

中图分类号:

S443
R37

陶晓颖, 陈飞, 何建军, 赵欣, 张鑫, 肖汉森, 涂涛田, 黄为. 重庆市沙坪坝区家栖鼠类及鼠传病原体感染状况调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(5): 727-731.

TAO Xiao-ying, CHEN Fei, HE Jian-jun, ZHAO Xin, ZHANG Xin, XIAO Han-sen, TU Tao-tian, HUANG Wei. Investigation of the domestic rodents and infection status of rodent-borne pathogens in Shapingba district of Chongqing,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(5): 727-731.

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