中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 389-394.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.002

所属专题: 全国病媒生物监测专题

• 全国病媒生物监测专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019年全国鼠类监测报告

李贵昌1, 王玉姣1,2, 鲁亮1, 吴海霞1, 郭玉红1, 刘小波1, 孟凤霞1, 任东升1, 岳玉娟1, 刘起勇1   

  1. 1 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室, 传染病预防控制国家重点实验室, 世界卫生组织媒介生物监测与管理合作中心, 北京 102206;
    2 佳木斯大学公共卫生学院, 黑龙江 佳木斯 154007
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-04 出版日期:2020-08-20 发布日期:2020-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘起勇,Email:liuqiyong@icdc.cn
  • 作者简介:李贵昌,男,硕士,副研究员,从事鼠、鼠体寄生螨及相关传染病研究工作,Email:liguichang@icdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2017ZX10303404006);中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所公共卫生突发应急反应机制运行项目(131031102000180007)

National surveillance report on rodents in China, 2019

LI Gui-chang1, WANG Yu-jiao1,2, LU Liang1, WU Hai-xia1, GUO Yu-hong1, LIU Xiao-bo1, MENG Feng-xia1, REN Dong-sheng1, YUE Yu-juan1, LIU Qi-yong1   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, National Institute of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
    2 School of Public Health, Jiamusi University
  • Received:2020-05-04 Online:2020-08-20 Published:2020-08-20
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017ZX10303404006) and Emergency Response Mechanism Operation Program, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (No.131031102000180007)

摘要: 目的 分析我国2019年全国鼠类监测数据,为提高全国鼠类监测工作质量和制定科学的鼠类防控措施提供依据。方法 全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团共设置89个地市作为监测点,采用夹夜法、笼夜法和粘鼠板法,选择3种生境,每2个月1次连续监测鼠类。收集和整理监测数据,分析鼠种构成、分布和密度季节消长。结果 2019年共捕获鼠类4 317只,总鼠密度为0.78只/100夹(笼/板)。笼夜法捕获鼠密度最高,其次是粘鼠板法。褐家鼠、小家鼠和黄胸鼠分别占捕鼠总数的47.30%、27.89%和12.55%。3种监测生境以农村居民区鼠密度最高。全年各月份鼠密度呈先升后降,5月密度最高。结论 2019年全国监测点鼠密度、鼠种构成及季节消长与2005-2016年监测结果相比均差别不大。各地应根据本地历年监测结果评估风险,制定控制策略。

关键词: 鼠密度, 监测, 种群构成, 季节消长

Abstract: Objective To analyze the national surveillance data of rodents in China, 2019, and to provide a basis for improving the quality of national rodent surveillance and formulating scientific control measures. Methods Eighty-nine prefecture-level cities were set up as surveillance sites in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Rodents were captured once every two months in three habitats by night-trapping, night-cage and sticky board methods. The surveillance data of rodents were collected and sorted to analyze the species composition, distribution, and seasonal density fluctuation of rodents. Results A total of 4 317 rodents were captured in 2019, with a total density of 0.78 rodents/100 traps. Cage trapping had the highest density of captured rodents, followed by sticky trapping. Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and R. tanezumi accounted for 47.30%, 27.89%, and 12.55% of the total rodents captured, respectively. The highest density of rodents was in rural residential areas among three habitats. The density of rodents first increased and then decreased all year round, and peaked in May. Conclusion The density, species composition, and seasonal fluctuation of rodents at national surveillance sites across China in 2019 show no significant differences from the results in 2005-2016. Local authorities should assess risks and formulate control strategies based on their surveillance results of previous years.

Key words: Rodent density, Surveillance, Species composition, Seasonal fluctuation

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