准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭林区啮齿动物种群调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.06.011

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摘要目的了解准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭公益林区啮齿动物种群结构，为加快梭梭林的生态恢复、促进新疆维吾尔自治区鼠疫等传染病的防控、推动“健康丝绸之路”建设提供参考依据。方法 2019年10－11月，按照啮齿动物野外调查操作规程对准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭公益林区啮齿类动物种群进行调查，小型夜行啮齿动物调查采用5 m夹线法，大沙鼠密度调查采用路线洞群法，应用WPS 2019软件进行数据分析。结果此次调查共布放有效小号板夹1 950夹次，捕获夜行啮齿动物67只，捕获率为3.44%；共布放小型弓形夹350夹次，捕获啮齿动物36只，捕获率为10.29%；捕获或见到的110只啮齿动物隶属于4科7属8种；大沙鼠和子午沙鼠是调查区内的优势鼠种，二者占总捕获啮齿动物的71.84%，大沙鼠平均密度为15.83只/hm²，仓鼠科动物在梭梭公益林区内构成比最高，占86.36%。结论大沙鼠和子午沙鼠是梭梭林区优势鼠种，以梭梭为主食的大沙鼠对梭梭林的危害最为严重，同时大沙鼠等啮齿类动物也是鼠疫及许多病原微生物的宿主和传播媒介，因此，加强啮齿类动物监测对加快梭梭林生态恢复及制定鼠传疾病防治措施有重要的现实意义。

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关键词 ：准噶尔盆地, 梭梭, 啮齿动物, 调查

Abstract：Objective To investigate the rodent species composition in Haloxylon ammodendron forest along the north margin of Junggar basin, and to provide a basis for ecological restoration, plague control, and construction of "healthy silk road" in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China. Methods Following the protocols for field rodent study, an investigation of rodents was conducted in H. ammodendron forest along the north margin of Junggar basin from October to November, 2019. Small nocturnal rodents and Rhombomys opimus were investigated by 5-m wire clamping method and route-cave group method, respectively. The data were analyzed by WPS Office 2019 software. Results A total of 67 nocturnal rodents were caught by 1 950 effective small plate clips, with a capture rate of 3.44%. A total of 36 rodents were caught by 350 small bow clips, with a capture rate of 10.29%. In the captured or observed 110 rodents, 8 rodent species were identified, belonging to 7 genera and 4 families. Rhombomys opimus and Meriones meridianus were the dominant species in the survey area, accounting for 71.84% of the total rodent counts. The mean density of Rh. opimus was 15.83 rodents/hm². Cricetidae accounted for the highest proportion of rodents (86.36%) in H. ammodendron forest. Conclusion Rhombomys opimus and M. meridianus are the dominant species in H. ammodendron forest. Rhombomys opimus feeding on H. ammodendron is most detrimental to forest. Moreover, R. opimus and other rodents are hosts and vectors of many pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, strengthening the surveillance of rodents is of great practical significance in accelerating ecological restoration of H. ammodendron forest and formulating the preventive measures against rodent-borne diseases.

Key words： Junggar basin Haloxylon ammodendron Rodents Survey

收稿日期: 2020-07-23

PACS:

S443

基金资助:新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金（2018D01C090）

通讯作者: 雒涛,Email:54773938@qq.com E-mail: 54773938@qq.com

作者简介: 贵有军,男,硕士,高级实验师,主要从事鼠疫及媒介生物防治研究工作,Email:506474748@qq.com

引用本文:

贵有军, 王诚, 罗勇军, 阿布力克木·阿布都热西提, 王启果, 林军健, 卡斯木江·玉素甫, 李博, 雒涛. 准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭林区啮齿动物种群调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(6): 680-684. GUI You-jun, WANG Cheng, LUO Yong-jun, ABUDUREXITI Abulikemu, WANG Qi-guo, LIN Jun-jian, YUSUFU Kasimujiang, LI Bo, LUO Tao. An investigation of rodents in Haloxylon ammodendron forest along the north margin of Junggar basin. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2020, 31(6): 680-684.

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