准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭林区啮齿动物种群调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭公益林区啮齿动物种群结构，为加快梭梭林的生态恢复、促进新疆维吾尔自治区鼠疫等传染病的防控、推动“健康丝绸之路”建设提供参考依据。方法 2019年10－11月，按照啮齿动物野外调查操作规程对准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭公益林区啮齿类动物种群进行调查，小型夜行啮齿动物调查采用5 m夹线法，大沙鼠密度调查采用路线洞群法，应用WPS 2019软件进行数据分析。结果此次调查共布放有效小号板夹1 950夹次，捕获夜行啮齿动物67只，捕获率为3.44%；共布放小型弓形夹350夹次，捕获啮齿动物36只，捕获率为10.29%；捕获或见到的110只啮齿动物隶属于4科7属8种；大沙鼠和子午沙鼠是调查区内的优势鼠种，二者占总捕获啮齿动物的71.84%，大沙鼠平均密度为15.83只/hm²，仓鼠科动物在梭梭公益林区内构成比最高，占86.36%。结论大沙鼠和子午沙鼠是梭梭林区优势鼠种，以梭梭为主食的大沙鼠对梭梭林的危害最为严重，同时大沙鼠等啮齿类动物也是鼠疫及许多病原微生物的宿主和传播媒介，因此，加强啮齿类动物监测对加快梭梭林生态恢复及制定鼠传疾病防治措施有重要的现实意义。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 梭梭, 啮齿动物, 调查

Abstract: Objective To investigate the rodent species composition in Haloxylon ammodendron forest along the north margin of Junggar basin, and to provide a basis for ecological restoration, plague control, and construction of "healthy silk road" in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, China. Methods Following the protocols for field rodent study, an investigation of rodents was conducted in H. ammodendron forest along the north margin of Junggar basin from October to November, 2019. Small nocturnal rodents and Rhombomys opimus were investigated by 5-m wire clamping method and route-cave group method, respectively. The data were analyzed by WPS Office 2019 software. Results A total of 67 nocturnal rodents were caught by 1 950 effective small plate clips, with a capture rate of 3.44%. A total of 36 rodents were caught by 350 small bow clips, with a capture rate of 10.29%. In the captured or observed 110 rodents, 8 rodent species were identified, belonging to 7 genera and 4 families. Rhombomys opimus and Meriones meridianus were the dominant species in the survey area, accounting for 71.84% of the total rodent counts. The mean density of Rh. opimus was 15.83 rodents/hm². Cricetidae accounted for the highest proportion of rodents (86.36%) in H. ammodendron forest. Conclusion Rhombomys opimus and M. meridianus are the dominant species in H. ammodendron forest. Rhombomys opimus feeding on H. ammodendron is most detrimental to forest. Moreover, R. opimus and other rodents are hosts and vectors of many pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, strengthening the surveillance of rodents is of great practical significance in accelerating ecological restoration of H. ammodendron forest and formulating the preventive measures against rodent-borne diseases.

Key words: Junggar basin, Haloxylon ammodendron, Rodents, Survey

中图分类号:

S443

贵有军, 王诚, 罗勇军, 阿布力克木·阿布都热西提, 王启果, 林军健, 卡斯木江·玉素甫, 李博, 雒涛. 准噶尔盆地北缘梭梭林区啮齿动物种群调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(6): 680-684.

GUI You-jun, WANG Cheng, LUO Yong-jun, ABUDUREXITI Abulikemu, WANG Qi-guo, LIN Jun-jian, YUSUFU Kasimujiang, LI Bo, LUO Tao. An investigation of rodents in Haloxylon ammodendron forest along the north margin of Junggar basin[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2020, 31(6): 680-684.

参考文献

[1] 刘丽燕,蔡新斌,江晓珩,等. 新疆甘家湖梭梭林自然保护区植物组成及地理成分分析[J]. 植物科学学报,2016,34(5):695-704. DOI:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2016.50695. Liu LY,Cai XB,Jiang XH,et al. Species composition and floral components of vascular plants in Ganjiahu nature reserve of Xinjiang[J]. Plant Sci J,2016,34(5):695-704. DOI:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2016.50695.
[2] 强爱国,李启财. 新疆甘家湖梭梭林退化的人为干扰分析[J]. 吉林农业,2013(6):206-207. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0432.2013.06.172. Qiang AG,Li QC. Analysis of human disturbance in the degradation of Haloxylon ammodendron forest of Ganjia lake in Xinjiang[J]. Jilin Agric,2013(6):206-207. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-0432.2013.06.172.
[3] 刘江,徐先英,张荣娟,等. 人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)鼠洞空间格局[J]. 中国沙漠,2017,37(6):1180-1188. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00125. Liu J,Xu XY,Zhang RJ,et al. Spatial pattern of holes of Rhombomys opimus in a Haloxylon ammodendron plantation site[J]. J Desert Res,2017,37(6):1180-1188. DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00125.
[4] 罗青红,宁虎森,陈启民. 准噶尔盆地南缘人工梭梭林土壤理化特性时空动态研究[J]. 水土保持研究,2016,23(6):309-315. DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2016.06.041. Luo QH,Ning HS,Chen QM. Spatiotemporal characteristic of soil physical and chemical properties in Haloxylon ammodendron stand at the southern margin of Junggar basin[J]. Res Soil Water Conserv,2016,23(6):309-315. DOI:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2016.06.041.
[5] 沈亮,徐荣,刘赛,等. 肉苁蓉寄主梭梭根际土壤微生物种类及群落结构特征[J]. 生态学报,2016,36(13):3933-3942. DOI:10.5846/stxb201410212063. Shen L,Xu R,Liu S,et al. Characteristics of microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil of Haloxylon ammodendron[J]. Acta Ecol Sin,2016,36(13):3933-3942. DOI:10.5846/stxb201410212063.
[6] 徐满厚,刘彤,姜莉. 古尔班通古特沙漠南部梭梭鼠害特征及防治生态阈值研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(6):126-133. DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2012.06.013. Xu MH,Liu T,Jiang L. Study on the harm characteristics of rodents to Haloxylon ammodendrom and its control for ecological threshold value in the south of Gurbantonggut desert[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ,2012,26(6):126-133. DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2012.06.013.
[7] 宁虎森,罗青红,吉小敏,等. 新疆梭梭林生态系统服务价值评估[J]. 生态科学,2017,36(3):74-81. DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2017.03.011. Ning HS,Luo QH,Ji XM,et al. Assessment on ecosystem service value of Haloxylon ammodendron forest in Xinjiang[J]. Ecol Sci,2017,36(3):74-81. DOI:10.14108/j.cnki.1008-8873.2017.03.011.
[8] 张三亮,刘荣堂. 荒漠梭梭林大沙鼠为害及不同生境类型对其巢域选择的影响[J]. 草原与草坪,2008(5):11-14. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2008.05.003. Zhang SL,Liu RT. Damage of Rhombimys opimus to Haloxylon ammodendron and the effect of different habitats on its home range selection[J]. Grassl Turf,2008(5):11-14. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5500.2008.05.003.
[9] 张宏伟,姚明琴,林超波,等. 2012年新疆兵团准噶尔盆地动物鼠疫监测分析[J]. 兵团医学,2013,37(3):58-60. Zhang HW,Yao MQ,Lin CB,et al. Surveillance and analysis of animal plague in Junggar basin of Xinjiang in 2012[J]. J Bingtuan Med,2013,37(3):58-60.
[10] 李润珍,温小亮. "丝绸之路经济带"建设中我国西北地区的生态保护探析[J]. 山西高等学校社会科学学报,2016,28(5):34-36. DOI:10.16396/j.cnki.sxgxskxb.2016.05.008. Li RZ,Wen XL. Ecological protection in the northwest of China in the construction of the silk road economic zone[J]. Soc Sci J Univ Shanxi,2016,28(5):34-36. DOI:10.16396/j.cnki.sxgxskxb. 2016.05.008.
[11] 冯文武,阿地力·沙塔尔. 昌吉市荒漠林鼠害种类调查及其防治技术研究[J]. 防护林科技,2014(2):8-11,13. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5215.2014.02.004. Feng WW,Shatar A. Investigation on rodent species in desert forest of Changji city and its control technology[J]. Prot Forest Sci Technol,2014(2):8-13. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5215.2014.02.004.
[12] 王思博,杨赣源. 新疆啮齿动物志[M]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆人民出版社,1983:100-142. Wang SB,Yang GY. Rodent fauna of Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi:People's Publishing House of Xinjiang,1983:100-142.
[13] 曹汉礼. 新疆鼠疫防治手册[M]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆科学技术出版社,2007:43-46. Cao HL. Manual of plague prevention and control in Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi:Science and Technology Publishing House of Xinjiang,2007:43-46.
[14] 贵有军,崔燕,古丽阿依·包开西,等. 丝绸之路经济带建设中新疆鼠疫风险及防控对策[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(5):593-596. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.028. Gui YJ,Cui Y,Baokaixi G,et al. The risk of plague and its prevention and control strategies in Xinjiang during the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(5):593-596. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.028.

[1]	母群征, 李欣颖, 刘蓉蓉, 杨军, 栗冬梅, 鲁亮, 李贵昌, 侯咏, 李明, 宋秀平, 孟凤霞, 刘起勇. 黑龙江省黑河市部分地区啮齿动物体表寄生恙螨调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 570-575.
[2]	谷增齐, 武恕星, 崔法曾, 贾亮, 黄亮, 张叶. 河南省三门峡市黑热病媒介白蛉生态调查分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 590-593.
[3]	王卓, 吴琼, 金美松, 邢悦鹏, 杨义军, 吴益民. 中国长白山地区啮齿动物巴尔通体感染调查及基因型分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 594-598.
[4]	栗冬梅, 徐爱玲, 宋秀平, 李庆多, 康央, 刘起勇. 巴尔通体在自然感染的啮齿动物组织中的分布[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(2): 181-187.
[5]	黄丹钦, 刘力, 陈琦, 吴杨, 刘漫, 熊进峰. 湖北省2019年登革热疫情特征及媒介伊蚊调查分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(1): 38-40.
[6]	杨旭欣, 马丽, 李积权, 田国忠, 薛红梅, 徐立青, 任玲玲, 靳娟, 赵鸿雁, 姜海. 青海省2017－2019年人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(1): 56-59.
[7]	任东升, 吴海霞, 修朋程, 宋秀平, 岳玉娟, 鲁亮, 刘起勇. 2019年全国臭虫监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(4): 423-425.
[8]	孙昼, 陈珺芳, 竹军伟, 考庆君, 黄仁杰, 汪皓秋. 杭州市2018年一起农村登革热暴发疫情调查研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(4): 465-468.
[9]	胡挺松, 胡秋凌, 李绍雄, 黄勇, 胡海梅, 高丽芬, 罗琼梅, 何永芝, 周永存, 张海林, 张富强. 云南省楚雄市2015-2018年肾综合征出血热流行特征及宿主动物调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(2): 152-157.
[10]	代培芳, 田晓东, 赵俊英, 武滨, 范志国, 李艳, 石义平, 倪树青, 程建书, 马雅军, 杨振洲, 程璟侠. 3种不同器械在山西省不同地区诱捕白蛉效果比较研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(2): 212-214.
[11]	张文童, 杨嘉理, 王瑊, 荣飞, 王文晶, 张新平, 杨志兰, 姚栋昌. 江苏省南通市古建筑白蚁危害现状调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(2): 219-222.
[12]	李寿江, 饶华祥, 王蓉, 马忠文, 蔡芝锋, 马永成. 青海省西宁市某宾馆臭虫侵害情况的调查与处置[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(2): 248-248.
[13]	马桢红, 陈学良, 顾灯安, 孙爱娟, 杨波, 许圆. 江苏省苏州地区不同植被类型中游离蜱的调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(1): 92-95.
[14]	李晔, 蓝玉清, 柳付明, 潘孝猛. 中国啮齿目动物体表寄生蜱种类与地理分布回顾[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2019, 30(6): 682-688.
[15]	魏怀波, 杨喜凤, 赵亚飞, 刘佳琪, 邬婧, 田丽, 吴秀兰, 乔舜. 内蒙古边境口岸地区啮齿动物种类及区系分布[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2019, 30(6): 703-706.