浙江省宁波市2019年蝇类监测及家蝇抗药性研究

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.05.013

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摘要目的了解宁波市蝇类种群构成、密度及家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平，为防制工作提供科学依据。方法 2019年4－11月，采用笼诱法监测蝇类种群密度；采用点滴法测定宁波市家蝇自然种群对5种常用杀虫剂的抗性，利用SPSS 22.0软件进行Probit回归分析，计算半数致死剂量（LD₅₀），并将自然种群与敏感品系比较得出抗性系数。结果 2019年宁波市总蝇密度为2.39只/笼，其中家蝇占捕获总数的36.00%。不同县（市、区）中，以北仑区的蝇类总密度最高（4.73只/笼），镇海区最低（0.42只/笼）。不同生境中，以农贸市场捕获的蝇密度最高（3.05只/笼），以餐饮外环境最低（1.97只/笼）。总蝇密度在8月达到最高峰。宁波市家蝇对残杀威的抗性系数>269.52倍，对溴氰菊酯、敌敌畏、高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯的抗性系数分别为240.78、46.89、34.83和28.56倍。结论家蝇为宁波市优势蝇种，对氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、残杀威和敌敌畏等常用杀虫剂均产生了较高抗性。建议在今后的蝇类防制工作中应加强杀虫剂使用的科学管理和技术指导，以延缓抗药性的发展。

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关键词 ：蝇类, 密度, 构成比, 季节消长, 抗药性

Abstract：Objective To investigate the population and density of flies in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China, the resistance levels of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides, and to provide a scientific basis for fly prevention and control. Methods The cage trapping method was used to investigate the fly population and density from April to November, 2019, and the topical application method was used to measure the resistance of the wild population of M. domestica in Ningbo to five commonly used insecticides. SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform the probit regression analysis. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was calculated, and the wild population and sensitive population were compared in terms of LD₅₀ to calculate resistance ratio. Results The total fly density in Ningbo, 2019 was 2.39 flies/cage, and M. domestica accounted for 36.00% of the total catch. Among various counties(cities, districts), Beilun district had the highest total fly density (4.73 flies/cage), and Zhenhai district had the lowest (0.42 flies/cage). Among various habitats, farmers' market had the highest fly density (3.05 flies/cage), and the lowest was found outside restaurants (1.97 flies/cage). The total fly density peaked in August. The resistance ratio of M. domestica in Ningbo to propoxur was >269.52 times, and those to deltamethrin, DDVP, beta-cypermethrin, and permethrin were 240.78, 46.89, 34.83, and 28.56 times, respectively. Conclusion As the dominant fly species in Ningbo, M. domestica has developed relatively high resistance to propoxur, deltamethrin, DDVP, beta-cypermethrin, and permethrin. It is suggested that scientific management and technical guidance for the wise use of insecticides should be strengthened in future to delay the development of resistance.

Key words： Fly Density Composition ratio Seasonal variation Insecticide resistance

收稿日期: 2020-04-20

PACS:	R384.2
	S481+.4

基金资助:浙江省医药卫生科技计划（2019KY634）；宁波市医疗卫生品牌学科现场流行病学项目（ppxk201810）

通讯作者: 马晓,Email:max@nbcdc.org.cn E-mail: max@nbcdc.org.cn

作者简介: 马敏,女,博士,助理研究员,主要从事媒介生物防制工作,Email:mamin2013@126.com

引用本文:

马敏, 雷松, 马晓, 陈小英, 杨思嘉, 孙斌. 浙江省宁波市2019年蝇类监测及家蝇抗药性研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(5): 565-570. MA Min, LEI Song, MA Xiao, CHEN Xiao-ying, YANG Si-jia, SUN Bin. Surveillance of fly population and insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China, 2019. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2020, 31(5): 565-570.

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