Abstract: Objective To evaluate the feasibility of applying DNA barcoding to identify common rodent species in Fujian province, China. Methods From 2017 to 2018, a total of 77 rodent specimens from 11 species and 5 genera were collected from some areas of Fujian province with cage traps in the daytime. Nucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as gene sequencing, were performed to obtain their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ) gene fragment sequences. Then the sequences were analyzed by homology alignment, genetic distance analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction to identify the species of the rodents. The identification results were compared with those of classical morphological identification. Results The specific COⅠgene fragments extracted from all the specimens could be amplified by PCR to produce bands, and their sequences all matched the corresponding known rodent species in GenBank database; the homology was 97.88% and above. The mean inter- and intra-specific genetic distances were 15.31% and 0.21%, respectively; the former was substantially bigger than the latter. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the same species of rodents were all clustered in the same evolutionary branch with high reliability. Among the 77 specimens, 3 had different identification results. After morphological re-identification, the results of field identification were found to be incorrect. Conclusion DNA barcoding can be applied to identify the common rodent species in Fujian province as a supplement to morphological identification.

Key words: DNA barcoding, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰgene, Rodent identification, Fujian province

摘要： 目的 以福建省常见鼠种为研究对象，探讨DNA条形码技术应用于鼠种鉴定的可行性。方法 2017-2018年采用笼日法获得福建省部分地区的5属11种共77只鼠类标本，经核酸提取、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）及序列测定获得线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）基因片段序列，通过同源性比对、遗传距离分析和系统进化树构建鉴定鼠种，并与经典形态学鉴定结果比较。结果 所有标本均可通过PCR扩增出特异性COⅠ基因片段条带，并且均在GenBank数据库中匹配到相对应的已知鼠种，且同源性均在97.88%及以上；标本种间平均遗传距离为15.31%，种内平均遗传距离为0.21%，种间遗传距离明显高于种内遗传距离；系统进化树分析显示，同种鼠种均聚于同一分支上，且置信度高。77只鼠类标本中，有3只鉴定结果有差异，经形态学再鉴定，发现现场鉴定结果有误。结论 DNA条形码技术可作为形态学鉴定的补充，可应用于福建省常见鼠种鉴定工作中。

关键词: DNA条形码, 细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因, 鼠种鉴定, 福建省