Abstract: Objective To explore the feasibility of applying DNA barcoding technology to the classification and identification of rodent species in the plague foci in Gansu province, China. Methods In 2017, rodents were collected from the plague foci and non-plague foci in Gansu province; whole rodents and their liver were made into specimens and preserved. Genomic DNA was extracted from the rodent liver; the cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ) gene was amplified by consensus primer polymerase chain reaction, and then sequenced. The sequencing results were compared with the DNA barcodes of other rodent species in the GenBank by BLAST algorithm, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results A total of 164 rodent samples were collected from four different habitats in nine cities (districts or counties) in Gansu province, including Muridae (3 species), Dipodidae (2 species), Cricetidae (4 species), Sciuridae (3 species), Gerbillidae (1 species), Spalacidae (1 species), and Ochotonidae of the Lagomorpha (1 species). The phylogenetic tree constructed from the above 164 samples formed 15 highly supportive branches, which was in accordance with the results of morphological identification. Conclusion It is feasible to apply DNA barcoding to the exact identification of rodent samples, which can facilitate the study of classification and phylogenetic relationships of rodents.

Key words: DNA barcoding, Plague foci, Rodent, Cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene

摘要： 目的 探讨DNA条形码技术在甘肃省鼠疫疫源地啮齿动物分类和鉴定中的可行性。方法 2017年在甘肃省鼠疫疫源地及非疫源地采集啮齿动物肝脏标本，并保存整只，制作标本，提取基因组DNA，采用通用引物PCR法扩增细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）基因并测序。将测序结果与GenBank中物种的DNA条形码进行BLAST比对，并构建分子进化树。结果 在甘肃省9个市（区、县）的4类不同生境中共采集啮齿动物164只，其中鼠科3种，跳鼠科2种，仓鼠科4种，松鼠科3种，沙鼠科、鼢鼠科和兔形目的鼠兔科各1种。通过164个样本所构建的分子进化树形成15个高度支持的分支，与形态鉴定结果一致。结论 DNA条形码可用于啮齿动物标本的准确鉴定，能更好地研究啮齿类的分类及进化关系。

关键词: DNA条形码, 鼠疫疫源地, 啮齿动物, 细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ基因