Abstract:

Objective To investigate the rodents species diversity along the border area of China and Kazakhstan, and provide supporting data for the surveillance and control of rodent borne diseases. Methods Rodents were collected with trapping method at seven counties/districts and area in Yili, Boertala, Tacheng and Karamay. Rodents species were then identified with DNA barcodes. Results Totally 174 samples of small mammal were collected from three kinds of habitats, including 16 species of rodents belonging to Muridae, Cricetidae, Dipodidae, Gliridae and Sciuridae, and one shrew species of Soricidae. With the DNA barcoding method, samples belonging to two vole species(Microtus arvalis and M. gregalis) with similar morphologic characters were identified correctly. Gerbil samples recognized morphologically as Meriones meridianus were different genetically from M. meridianus from Eastern China. Conclusion High diversity of rodent species were found in alpine forests meadows and desert steppe habitats. The genetic distances between M. meridianus from northern Xinjiang and other areas of China are so profound that suggests there are cryptic species.

Key words: China-Kazakhstan border area, Rodents, Diversity, DNA barcoding

摘要：

目的 调查并分析中国-哈萨克斯坦边境（中哈边境）地区啮齿动物多样性状况，为该地区鼠传疾病的监测与控制提供基础数据。方法 采用夹夜法在中哈边境中方一侧的伊犁、博尔塔拉、塔城和克拉玛依市等7个市（区、县）采集啮齿动物标本，并用DNA条形码技术对其进行准确鉴定。结果 在7个市（区、县）的3类不同生境中共采集174份小兽动物标本，其中鼠类16种，分属鼠科、仓鼠科、跳鼠科、睡鼠科和松鼠科；鼩鼱科1种。通过DNA条形码鉴定技术鉴定了外部形态差别较小的普通田鼠和狭颅田鼠；依据形态特征鉴定的子午沙鼠DNA条形码与我国东部的子午沙鼠差异显著，提示子午沙鼠可能存在隐含种；1份鼩鼱标本为苔原鼩鼱。结论 中哈边境地区的山地森林草甸草原和荒漠草原两类生境中啮齿动物具有生物多样性。我国子午沙鼠可能存在隐含种，新疆北部地区的子午沙鼠与其他地区的子午沙鼠有较大的遗传差异。通过DNA条形码技术可以准确地进行多样性分析。

关键词: 中国-哈萨克斯坦边境地区, 啮齿动物, 多样性, DNA条形码