抗蜱亚单位疫苗作用途径解析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蜱是专性吸血的体外寄生虫，可传播多种病原体。目前主要通过化学杀螨剂进行防治，但长期使用化学杀虫剂可造成蜱的抗药性及环境污染。抗蜱亚单位疫苗是有效的蜱类防治手段之一，但其作用机制尚不明确。该文着重介绍了抗蜱亚单位疫苗诱导的宿主免疫应答，包括体液免疫、细胞免疫、补体系统以及免疫后宿主的抗体、免疫细胞和补体对蜱的作用途径，旨在为深入揭示抗蜱疫苗免疫机制奠定基础，为筛选新型抗蜱疫苗提供科学依据。

关键词: 抗蜱疫苗, 抗体, 免疫细胞, 补体

Abstract: Ticks are obligate,hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit a variety of pathogens.Although tick control is principally dependent on the application of chemical acaricides at present,long-term application can lead to resistance to acaricides in ticks and cause environmental contamination.Anti-tick subunit vaccine is one of the effective tick control strategies,but its mechanism of action is still unclear.This paper focuses on the host immune responses induced by the anti-tick subunit vaccine,including humoral immunity,cellular immunity,and complement system,as well as the action pathways of antibodies,immune cells,and complement from the host immunized on ticks,in order to lay the foundation for revealing the immune mechanism of anti-tick vaccine and provide a scientific basis for screening for a new anti-tick vaccine.

Key words: Anti-tick vaccine, Antibody, Immune cell, Complement

中图分类号:

董红猛, 武亚雪, 胡永红. 抗蜱亚单位疫苗作用途径解析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(5): 655-660.

DONG Hong-meng, WU Ya-xue, HU Yong-hong. Analysis of action pathway of anti-tick subunit vaccine[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(5): 655-660.

参考文献

[1] Mateos-Hernández L,Villar M,Moral A,et al. Tick-host conflict:Immunoglobulin E antibodies to tick proteins in patients with anaphylaxis to tick bite[J]. Oncotarget,2017,8(13):20630-20644. DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.15243.
[2] Madison-Antenucci S,Kramer LD,Gebhardt LL,et al. Emerging tick-borne diseases[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev,2020,33(2):e00083-18. DOI:10.1128/CMR.00083-18.
[3] Villar M,Marina A,De La Fuente J. Applying proteomics to tick vaccine development:Where are we?[J]. Expert Rev Proteomics,2017,14(3):211-221. DOI:10.1080/14789450.2017.1284590.
[4] Parthasarathi BC,Kumar B,Ghosh S. Current status and future prospects of multi-antigen tick vaccine[J]. J Vector Borne Dis,2021,58(3):183-192. DOI:10.4103/0972-9062.321739.
[5] Blecha IMZ,Csordas BG,Aguirre ADAR,et al. Analysis of Bm86 conserved epitopes:Is a global vaccine against cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus possible?[J]. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet,2018,27(3):267-279. DOI:10.1590/S1984-296120180056.
[6] Ndawula C,Xavier MA,Villavicencio B,et al. Prediction,mapping and validation of tick glutathione S-transferase B-cell epitopes[J]. Ticks Tick Borne Dis,2020,11(4):101445. DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101445.
[7] Jonsson NN,Matschoss AL,Pepper P,et al. Evaluation of TickGARD^PLUS,a novel vaccine against Boophilus microplus,in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows[J]. Vet Parasitol,2000,88(3/4):275-285. DOI:10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00213-7.
[8] Contreras M,Kasaija PD,Merino O,et al. Oral vaccination with a formulation combining Rhipicephalus microplus Subolesin with heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis reduces tick infestations in cattle[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol,2019,9:45. DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00045.
[9] 谢俊仁,刘光远,田占成,等.家兔抗长角血蜱免疫模型的建立及对长角血蜱成蜱生长发育的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2008,39(1):79-84. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0366-6964.2008. 01.014. Xie JR,Liu GY,Tian ZC,et al. Construction of rabbit immunity model against Haemaphysalis longicornis and its effects on H. longicornis adult growth[J]. Acta Vet Zootech Sin,2008,39(1):79-84. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0366-6964.2008.01.014.(in Chinese)
[10] Huercha N,Song RQ,Li M,et al. Caracterization of glutathione S-transferase of Dermacantor marginatus and effect of the recombinant antigen as a potential anti-tick vaccine[J]. Vet Parasitol,2020,279:109043. DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020. 109043.
[11] Karasuyama H,Miyake K,Yoshikawa S. Immunobiology of acquired resistance to ticks[J]. Front Immunol,2020,11:601504. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.601504.
[12] 朱恬仪.宿主对长角血蜱侵染的免疫应答[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2018. DOI:10.7666/d.D01417789. Zhu TY. The immune response of host to the infection of Haemaphysalis longicornis[D]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2018. DOI:10.7666/d.D01417789.(in Chinese)
[13] Ganapamo F,Rutti B,Brossard M. In vitro production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma by lymph node cells from BALB/c mice infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks[J]. Immunology,1995,85(1):120-124.
[14] Mbow ML,Rutti B,Brossard M. IFN-γ IL-2,and IL-4 mRNA expression in the skin and draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice repeatedly infested with nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks[J]. Cell Immunol,1994,156(1):254-261. DOI:10.1006/cimm.1994. 1170.
[15] Seder RA,Hill AVS. Vaccines against intracellular infections requiring cellular immunity[J]. Nature,2000,406(6797):793-798. DOI:10.1038/35021239.
[16] Wikel SK. Host immunity to ticks[J]. Annu Rev Entomol,1996,41:1-22. DOI:10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000245.
[17] Morozova OV,Panov VV,Bakhvalova VN. Innate and adaptive immunity in wild rodents spontaneously and experimentally infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus[J]. Infect Genet Evol,2020,80:104187. DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104187.
[18] Veje M,Studahl M,Bergström T. Intrathecal complement activation by the classical pathway in tick-borne encephalitis[J]. J Neurovirol,2019,25(3):397-404. DOI:10.1007/s13365-019-00734-1.
[19] Dalakas MC,Alexopoulos H,Spaeth PJ. Complement in neurological disorders and emerging complement-targeted therapeutics[J]. Nat Rev Neurol,2020,16(11):601-617. DOI:10.1038/s41582-020-0400-0.
[20] 薄新文,汪明.宿主对蜱免疫的研究进展[J].中国兽医杂志,1998,24(10):45-47. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-6005.1998. 10.040. Bo XW,Wang M. Research progress of host immunity to ticks[J]. Chin J Vet Med,1998,24(10):45-47. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 0529-6005.1998.10.040.(in Chinese)
[21] 赵忠芳,孔繁瑶.蜱诱导宿主的免疫研究概况[J].寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2000,7(2):115-120. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2000.02.011. Zhao ZF,Kong FY. A survey of tick-induced host immune response[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2000,7(2):115-120. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2000.02.011.(in Chinese)
[22] Lubbers R,Van Essen MF,Van Kooten C,et al. Production of complement components by cells of the immune system[J]. Clin Exp Immunol,2017,188(2):183-194. DOI:10.1111/cei.12952.
[23] Peng Q,Li K,Patel H,et al. Dendritic cell synthesis of C3 is required for full T cell activation and development of a Th1 phenotype[J]. J Immunol,2006,176(6):3330-3341. DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.176.6.3330.
[24] Rutemark C,Alicot E,Bergman A,et al. Requirement for complement in antibody responses is not explained by the classic pathway activator IgM[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2011,108(43):E934-E942. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1109831108.
[25] Dunkelberger JR,Song WC. Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses[J]. Cell Res,2010,20(1):34-50. DOI:10.1038/cr.2009.139.
[26] Carroll MC. The complement system in regulation of adaptive immunity[J]. Nat Immunol,2004,5(10):981-986. DOI:10.1038/ni1113.
[27] Geller A,Yan J. The role of membrane bound complement regulatory proteins in tumor development and cancer immunotherapy[J]. Front Immunol,2019,10:1074. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01074.
[28] Pettinello R,Dooley H. The immunoglobulins of cold-blooded vertebrates[J]. Biomolecules,2014,4(4):1045-1069. DOI:10.3390/biom4041045.
[29] Hsu E,Pulham N,Rumfelt LL,et al. The plasticity of immunoglobulin gene systems in evolution[J]. Immunol Rev,2006,210(1):8-26. DOI:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00366.x.
[30] Contreras M,Moreno-Cid JA,Domingos A,et al. Bacterial membranes enhance the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the surface exposed tick Subolesin-Anaplasma marginale MSP1a chimeric antigen[J]. Ticks Tick Borne Dis,2015,6(6):820-828. DOI:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.07.010.
[31] Pérez-Sánchez R,Manzano-Román R,Obolo-Mvoulouga P,et al. Function-guided selection of midgut antigens from Ornithodoros erraticus ticks and an evaluation of their protective efficacy in rabbits[J]. Vet Parasitol,2019,272:1-12. DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.016.
[32] Nuttall PA,Trimnell AR,Kazimirova M,et al. Exposed and concealed antigens as vaccine targets for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases[J]. Parasite Immunol,2006,28(4):155-163. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00806.x.
[33] Trimnell AR,Hails RS,Nuttall PA. Dual action ectoparasite vaccine targeting'exposed'and'concealed'antigens[J]. Vaccine,2002,20(29-30):3560-3568. DOI:10.1016/s0264-410x (02)00334-1.
[34] 朱清仙,刘志刚,叶炳辉,等.中华硬蜱叮咬免疫兔后中肠消化细胞形态测量分析[J].中国体视学与图像分析,1998,3(3):18-23. DOI:10.13505/j.1007-1482.1998.03.005. Zhu QX,Liu ZG,Ye BH,et al. Morphometrical analysis of the digestive cells of Ixodes sinensis after infesting immunized rabbits[J]. Chin J Stereol Image Anal,1998,3(3):18-23. DOI:10. 13505/j.1007-1482.1998.03.005.(in Chinese)
[35] 刘志刚,叶炳辉,朱清仙,等.中华硬蜱叮咬蜱抗原免疫接种宿主后中肠组织化学的动态观察[J].畜牧兽医学报,2004,35(4):463-467. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0366-6964.2004.04.022. Liu ZG,Ye BH,Zhu QX,et al. Dynamic histochemistry changes in midgut of Ixodes sinensis after infesting on hosts immunized by tick antigen[J]. Acta Vet Zootech Sin,2004,35(4):463-467. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0366-6964.2004.04.022.(in Chinese)
[36] Nakajima M,Kodama M,Yanase H,et al. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against midgut of ixodid tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis[J]. Vet Parasitol,2003,115(4):355-363. DOI:10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00187-0.
[37] Ackerman S,Clare FB,Mcgill TW,et al. Passage of host serum components,including antibody,across the digestive tract of Dermacentor variabilis(Say)[J]. J Parasitol,1981,67(5):737-740. DOI:10.2307/3280459.
[38] Minoura H,Chinzei Y,Kitamura S. Ornithodoros moubata:Host immunoglobulin G in tick hemolymph[J]. Exp Parasitol,1985,60(3):355-363. DOI:10.1016/0014-4894(85)90042-6.
[39] Wang H,Nuttall PA. Immunoglobulin-binding proteins in ticks:New target for vaccine development against a blood-feeding parasite[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci,1999,56(3/4):286-295. DOI:10.1007/s000180050430.
[40] Wang F,Wang D,Jiang CZ,et al. Morphology and ultrastructure changes of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari:Ixodidae) female adult ticks at different developmental stages[J]. Int J Acarol,2017,43(4):308-313. DOI:10.1080/01647954.2017.1298668.
[41] Brown SJ,Galli SJ,Gleich GJ,et al. Ablation of immunity to Amblyomma americanum by anti-basophil serum:Cooperation between basophils and eosinophils in expression of immunity to ectoparasites (ticks) in guinea pigs[J]. J Immunol,1982,129(2):790-796.
[42] Karasuyama H,Wada T,Yoshikawa S,et al. Emerging roles of basophils in protective immunity against parasites[J]. Trends Immunol,2011,32(3):125-130. DOI:10.1016/j.it.2010.11.006.
[43] Schroeder H,Skelly PJ,Zipfel PF,et al. Subversion of complement by hematophagous parasites[J]. Dev Comp Immunol,2009,33(1):5-13. DOI:10.1016/j.dci.2008.07.010.
[44] Manzano-Román R,Encinas-Grandes A,Pérez-Sánchez R. Antigens from the midgut membranes of Ornithodoros erraticus induce lethal anti-tick immune responses in pigs and mice[J]. Vet Parasitol,2006,135(1):65-79. DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar. 2005.08.004.
[45] Morgan BP,Boyd C,Bubeck D. Molecular cell biology of complement membrane attack[J]. Semin Cell Dev Biol,2017,72:124-132. DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.009.
[46] Lu LL,Suscovich TJ,Fortune SM,et al. Beyond binding:Antibody effector functions in infectious diseases[J]. Nat Rev Immunol,2018,18(1):46-61. DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.106.
[47] Jennewein MF,Alter G. The immunoregulatory roles of antibody glycosylation[J]. Trends Immunol,2017,38(5):358-372. DOI:10.1016/j.it.2017.02.004.