贵州省铜仁市2017－2020年传疟媒介按蚊监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握贵州省铜仁市消除疟疾后传疟媒介按蚊种类、种群密度、生境和季节分布、活动节律，分析生态环境变化对传疟媒介分布的影响，为应对输入性疟疾继发传播提供参考。方法 2017－2020年在铜仁市采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊法和室外通宵双帐人饵诱捕法进行监测，对捕获的按蚊进行形态学分类鉴定并计数，分析传疟媒介种类组成、室内外及其不同生境按蚊种群密度差异以及季节消长趋势。结果 2017－2020年铜仁市各监测点采用诱蚊灯法监测捕获传疟按蚊4 611只，均为中华按蚊，灯诱密度平均为19.05只/（灯·夜），调查场所捕获按蚊数以牲畜棚最多，为3 322只（占72.05%），其次为室外为978只（占21.21%），人房最少为311只（占6.74%）；全市按蚊活动季节以7－8月为高峰期，活动规律呈单峰分布，平均密度高峰为7月下旬[38.84只/（人·夜）]，按蚊夜间总体密度呈先上升后下降趋势，20：00－21：00为全市传疟按蚊活动高峰时段，02：00－03：00进入活动低频期。结论中华按蚊为铜仁市人居环境及周边监测到的唯一传疟媒介，牲畜棚内按蚊密度较高，室外按蚊密度与居民夜间户外活动规律保持一致，有潜在的输入性疟疾引起本地继发传播风险，应继续长期、持续、规范地开展传疟媒介监测。

关键词: 疟疾, 传疟媒介, 按蚊, 监测

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species, population density, habitat, seasonal distribution, and activity rhythm of malaria vectors Anopheles after malaria elimination in Tongren city of Guizhou province in China and the impact of ecological environment change on the distribution of malaria vectors, and to provide a reference for coping with the secondary transmission of imported malaria. Methods In 2017-2020, the all-night light trapping method and the outdoor overnight double-net human-baited trapping methods were used to monitor malaria vectors in Tongren city. The captured Anopheles mosquitoes were classified, identified, and counted based on morphology, and the species composition of malaria vectors and differences in the population density of Anopheles indoors and outdoors and in different habitats were analyzed. Results In 2017-2020, a total of 4 611 malaria vectors were captured by the light trapping method at the surveillance sites of Tongren city, all of which were An. sinensis, and the mean light trapping density was 19.05 mosquitoes/(light·night). Among the investigation sites, livestock sheds had the highest number of 3 322 An. sinensis (72.05%), followed by 978 mosquitoes outdoors (21.21%) and 311 mosquitoes in human rooms (6.74%). Peak activity of An. sinensis in Tongren was observed in July to August, and the activity pattern presented single-peak distribution, with a peak density of 38.84 mosquitoes/(person·night) in late July. The overall nighttime density of An. sinensis first increased and then decreased, with a peak for the activity of An. sinensis at 20:00-21:00 and with the low-frequency period at 02:00-03:00. Conclusion An. sinensis is the only malaria vector monitored in human habitats and surreundings in Tongren city. The population density of An. sinensis is relatively high in livestock sheds, and the outdoor density pattern of An. sinensis is consistent with outdoor activity rhythm of residents at night. There is a potential risk of secondary local transmission caused by imported malaria. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out long-term, continuous, and standardized surveillance of malaria vectors.

Key words: Malaria, Malaria vector, Anopheles, Surveillance

中图分类号:

丁旭, 任达飞, 张爱华, 高前荣, 龙正锦, 郑佳敏. 贵州省铜仁市2017－2020年传疟媒介按蚊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(4): 530-535.

DING Xu, REN Da-fei, ZHANG Ai-hua, GAO Qian-rong, LONG Zheng-jin, ZHENG Jia-min. Surveillance results of malaria vectors Anopheles in Tongren city of Guizhou province in China, 2017-2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(4): 530-535.

参考文献

[1] 吴观陵. 人体寄生虫学[M]. 4版. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2013:190. Wu GL. Human parasitology[M]. 4th ed. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 2013:190. (in Chinese)
[2] 丁旭, 兰子尧, 张爱华, 等. 应用圆形分布法分析1951-2019年铜仁市疟疾发病季节特征[J]. 现代预防医学, 2021, 48(4):609-612, 627. Ding X, Lan ZY, Zhang AH, et al. Analyzing seasonal characteristics of malaria incidence in Tongren from 1951 to 2019 based on circular distribution method[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2021, 48(4):609-612, 627. (in Chinese)
[3] 肖大兴, 杨建云. 铜仁地区1987-1991年疟疾监测结果[J]. 中国寄生虫病防治杂志, 1994, 7(3):203, 218. Xiao DX, Yang JY. Results of malaria surveillance in Tongren area from 1987 to 1991[J]. Chin J Parasitic Dis Control, 1994, 7(3):203, 218. (in Chinese)
[4] 李菊林, 周华云, 唐建霞, 等. 江苏省疟疾传播媒介控制策略与研究[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2020, 32(5):459-463. DOI:10.16250/j.32.1374.2020174. Li JL, Zhou HY, Tang JX, et al. Strategies and studies of malaria vector control in Jiangsu province[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2020, 32(5):459-463. DOI:10.16250/j.32.1374.2020174.(in Chinese)
[5] 丁旭, 师伟芳, 张玉琼, 等. 2005-2019年贵州省传疟媒介按蚊密度及种群监测[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2021, 33(3):274-280. DOI:10.16250/j.32.1374.2021058. Ding X, Shi WF, Zhang YQ, et al. Surveillance of malaria vector Anopheles in Guizhou province from 2005 to 2019[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2021, 33(3):274-280. DOI:10.16250/j.32.1374.2021058.(in Chinese)
[6] 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全国消除疟疾监测方案(2015版)[EB/OL]. (2018-09-20)[2020-07-08]. http://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/gjfd/zl/nj/jc. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National malaria elimination surveillance program (2015 edition)[EB/OL]. (2018-09-20)[2020-07-08]. http://www.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/gjfd/zl/nj/jc.(in Chinese)
[7] 中华人民共和国卫生部疾病预防控制局. 疟疾防治手册[M]. 3版. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2007:155-159. Disease Control and Prevention Bureau of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Handbook of malaria prevention and control[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 2007:155-159. (in Chinese)
[8] 陶国华. 贵州省铜仁地区灭疟后期疟疾疫情分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 1996, 14(2):166. Tao GH. Analysis of malaria epidemics in the late stage of malaria elimination in Tongren prefecture, Guizhou province[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 1996, 14(2):166. (in Chinese)
[9] 叶红兵, 耿燕, 卢丽丹, 等. 贵州省2008-2010年国家疟疾监测点监测结果分析[J]. 贵州医药, 2015, 39(2):171-173. DOI:10.3969/j.ISSN.1000-744X.2015.02.029. Ye HB, Geng Y, Lu LD, et al. Analysis of surveillance results of national malaria surveillance sites in Guizhou province from 2008 to 2010[J]. Guizhou Med J, 2015, 39(2):171-173. DOI:10.3969/j.ISSN.1000-744X.2015.02.029.(in Chinese)
[10] 龚艳凤, 雷蕾, 李志宏, 等. 江西省2018年传疟媒介按蚊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(1):27-31. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.006. Gong YF, Lei L, Li ZH, et al. An analysis of surveillance results of malaria vectors Anopheles in Jiangxi province, China, 2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2020, 31(1):27-31. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.006.(in Chinese)
[11] 李菊林, 朱国鼎, 周华云, 等. 江苏省传疟媒介按蚊种群及其密度调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2018, 29(1):47-49, 52. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.012. Li JL, Zhu GD, Zhou HY, et al. Investigation on population and density of Anopheles mosquitoes in Jiangsu province[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2018, 29(1):47-49, 52. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.012.(in Chinese)
[12] 运玲, 王福才, 李树双, 等. 河北省唐山市2007-2018年蚊密度和蚊类多样性特征[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(3):325-330. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.03.016. Yun L, Wang FC, Li SS, et al. Seasonal variation of mosquito density and species diversity in Tangshan, Hebei province, China, 2007-2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2020, 31(3):325-330. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.03.016.(in Chinese)
[13] 陈传伟, 高超群, 沈阳, 等. 永城市疟疾媒介中华按蚊种群、密度及变化趋势[J]. 河南预防医学杂志, 2020, 31(9):688-690. DOI:10.13515/j.cnki.hnjpm.1006-8414.2020.09.015. Chen CW, Gao CQ, Shen Y, et al. Investigation on population and density of Anopheles sinensis in Yongcheng city[J]. Henan J Prev Med, 2020, 31(9):688-690. DOI:10.13515/j.cnki.hnjpm.1006-8414.2020.09.015.(in Chinese)
[14] 丰燕, 阮卫, 潘金仁, 等. 浙江省2012-2017年传疟媒介监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2019, 30(5):540-544. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.014. Feng Y, Ruan W, Pan JR, et al. An analysis of surveillance results of malaria vectors in Zhejiang province, China, from 2012 to 2017[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2019, 30(5):540-544. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.014.(in Chinese)
[15] 许承宝, 陈琳, 林寿远, 等. 2016-2018年北海市疟疾传播媒介监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械, 2020, 26(2):142-144. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2020.02.014. Xu CB, Chen L, Lin SY, et al. Surveillance on the malaria vectors in Beihai city from 2016 to 2018[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip, 2020, 26(2):142-144. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2020.02.014.(in Chinese)
[16] 王小力, 周年潮, 陈兆义, 等. 贵州省1980-1995年不同媒介地区疟疾流行的差异比较[J]. 中国公共卫生, 1997, 13(6):331. Wang XL, Zhou NC, Chen ZY, et al. Comparison of differences in malaria prevalence in different vector areas in Guizhou province from 1980 to 1995[J]. Chin J Public Health, 1997, 13(6):331. (in Chinese)
[17] 姜静静, 张滔, 许娴, 等. 2016-2018年安徽省传疟媒介监测[J]. 中国血吸虫病防治杂志, 2020, 32(4):389-392, 396. DOI:10.16250/j.32.1374.2020040. Jiang JJ, Zhang T, Xu X, et al. Surveillance of malaria vectors in Anhui province from 2016 to 2018[J]. Chin J Schisto Control, 2020, 32(4):389-392, 396. DOI:10.16250/j.32.1374.2020040.(in Chinese)
[18] 周耀武, 肖杨, 林祖锐, 等. 云南省沧源县疟疾再传播影响因素调查[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2019, 14(10):1181-1185. DOI:10.13350/j.cjpb.191013. Zhou YW, Xiao Y, Lin ZR, et al. Investigating factors influencing the re-introduction of malaria in Cangyuan county, Yunnan province[J]. J Pathogen Biol, 2019, 14(10):1181-1185. DOI:10.13350/j.cjpb.191013.(in Chinese)
[19] 杨锐, 郑宇婷, 杨晓羽, 等. 云南省边境地区景洪市疟疾媒介调查[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2019, 37(4):406-410, 416. DOI:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.04.006. Yang R, Zheng YT, Yang XY, et al. Investigation on malaria vectors in Jinghong, a border area in Yunnan province[J]. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis, 2019, 37(4):406-410, 416. DOI:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2019.04.006.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘淑卿, 潘红翚, 黄彩霞, 等. 台山市2013-2016年疟疾媒介按蚊监测[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2018, 18(5):693-696. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3619.2018.05.034. Liu SQ, Pan HH, Huang CX, et al. Analysis of the monitoring results of Anopheles mosquito in Taishan 2013-2016[J]. J Trop Med, 2018, 18(5):693-696. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-3619.2018. 05.034. (in Chinese)
[21] 谢月梅, 周世卿, 罗文飞. 2013-2016年广宁县按蚊种群数量和媒介密度监测结果[J]. 职业与健康, 2017, 33(9):1253-1256. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2017.0385. Xie YM, Zhou SQ, Luo WF. Monitoring results of population size and density of Anopheles mosquito in Guangning county from 2013-2016[J]. Occup Health, 2017, 33(9):1253-1256. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2017.0385.(in Chinese)