ISSN 1003-8280 CN 10-1522/R 中国疾病预防控制中心 主办
Objective To investigate the transcriptome of Blattella germanica in response to low-temperature stress, the functional enrichment and metabolic pathways of low-temperature response genes, and the molecular mechanism of low-temperature response in B. germanica, and to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism of temperature adaptation in B. germanica. Methods B. germanica adults were fed in this laboratory; B. germanica adults in the 25℃ were selected as controls, and transcriptome sequencing was performed for those placed in the 4℃ for 2 hours of low-temperature treatment to identify differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were used to analyze the functional enrichment and metabolic pathways of genes. Results The sequencing data obtained 44 589 020 non-redundant transcripts, and calculation showed that 332 genes were upregulated and 371 genes were downregulated in response to low temperature. The low-temperature response genes were enriched into 27 GO terms and 35 KEGG metabolic pathways, including carboxylic acid metabolism, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, neurotransmitter secretion, carbonate dehydratase activity, oxidoreductase activity, lyase activity, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, water transport, abiotic stress response, channel activity, multicellular tissue process, muscle membrane, plasma membrane, steroid hormone response, organic matter response, exopeptidase, protein metabolism, "P-P hydrolysis" kinesin transmembrane transporter activity, ER-targeted protein, hydrolase activity, nutrition storage activity, transferase activity, metal carboxypeptidase activity, lipid transporter activity, and cell division. Conclusion B. germanica may respond to low-temperature stress from 27 aspects including carboxylic acid metabolism and stress response, which provides a basis for clarifying the molecular mechanisms of response and tolerance to low temperature in B. germanica.
Objective To investigate mosquito population variation in Jiangsu province, China from 2008 to 2018, and to provide a basis for mosquito control in Jiangsu province. Methods We collected adult mosquito surveillance data obtained using the lamp trapping method at provincial surveillance sites in Jiangsu from 2008 to 2018 to analyze mosquito population variation in urban and rural areas in Jiangsu. The pairwise Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. Results The mosquito density in urban areas, rural areas, and the whole province in Jiangsu from 2008 to 2018 was 7.53, 61.26, and 28.26 mosquitoes/light·night, respectively; in general, the annual mosquito density showed an increasing trend in urban areas, but a decreasing trend in rural areas and the whole province. In the three types of habitats in urban areas, i.e., residential areas, parks, and hospitals, parks were dominant habitats; in the two types of habitats in rural areas, i.e., civilian residences and livestock sheds, livestock sheds were dominant habitats, which were also absolutely dominant habitats among the five types of habitats mentioned above, with a mosquito density over seven times that in other four types of habitats. In the 11 years, the pooled mosquito density by month showed a single-peak variation in urban areas, rural areas, and the whole province, with a peak density in July (17.81, 235.23, and 101.95 mosquitoes/light·night, respectively, for the above three areas); in mosquito seasons, the mosquito density by month in rural areas was 1.50-13.20 times that in urban areas. The composition of mosquito populations in Jiangsu province was mainly Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, An. lesteri, and Armigeres subalbatus; Cx. pipiens pallens was the absolutely dominant species in urban areas; in rural areas and the whole province, the dominant species was Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in most of the 11 years and was Cx. pipiens pallens in the other few years. In most of the 11 years, the density of Cx. pipiens pallens in rural areas was about 2 times that in urban areas, with a significant difference between the two (χ2=15.783, P<0.01); in each of the 11 years, the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in rural areas was over 10 times that in urban areas, with a significant difference between the two (χ2=15.783, P <0.01); the density of the two dominant species showed a single-peak seasonal variation, with a peak density in July. Except for the dominant species, the pooled density by month of other four species was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Conclusion Remarkable achievements have been made in mosquito control in rural areas in Jiangsu province, while more efforts are needed in urban areas. The focus of mosquito control in rural areas should be livestock sheds and dominant mosquito species; effective surveillance of Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus remains to be pushed forward. The pooled mosquito densities by year and month over the 11 years can provide a preliminary reference for the initiation of mosquito control in Jiangsu province.
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and infection sources of human brucellosis in Qinghai province, China, 2017-2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods The data of brucellosis cases in Qinghai province from 2017 to 2019 were collected, as reported by the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. The isolated bacteria were cultured and identified to analyze the etiological characteristics. Results From 2017 to 2019, a total of 301 brucellosis cases were reported in Qinghai province, with an incidence of 0.45/100 000 in 2017, 1.81/100 000 in 2018, and 2.72/100 000 in 2019, with a significant difference between different years (t=16.421, P<0.05). The 301 cases were distributed in 26 counties (cities, districts), among which the top three counties (cities, districts) were Menyuan county (137/301, 45.51%), Dulan county (30/301, 9.97%), and Haiyan county (25/301, 8.31%). The age of onset ranged from 14 to 78 years, and the ratio of males to females was 3.63:1. Among the 301 cases, the top three occupations were farmers (31.89%), herdsmen (25.58%), and animal epidemic prevention personnel (20.27%); the mode of infection included livestock fattening and selling (108/301, 35.88%), rearing (97/301, 32.23%), animal epidemic prevention (61/301, 20.27%), processing (26/301, 8.64%), and food-borne infection (9/301, 2.99%). From 2018 to 2019, 37 whole blood samples with positive Rose Bengal plate agglutination test, colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay, and serum agglutination test were cultured, and 8 suspected strains were obtained, with a culture rate of 21.62%. The 8 strains of Brucella were identified as B. melitensis (cluster Ⅲ). Conclusion Currently B. melitensis (cluster Ⅲ) is the main epidemic strain causing human brucellosis in Qinghai province. And the prevalence of brucellosis in Qinghai province is on the rise. It is suggested that relevant departments should strengthen the control of sources of infection and take health promotion and other prevention and control measures among the high-risk population to control the occurrence and epidemic of brucellosis.
