ISSN 1003-8280 CN 10-1522/R 中国疾病预防控制中心 主办
Objective To analyze the practice of vector control during the G20 Hangzhou Summit and summarize the working experience, and to provide a reference for vector control in important activities. Methods Through the analysis of possible vector risks during the G20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016, a plan system following the guidance of being overall, special, thematic, and individualized and suitable for the characteristics of Hangzhou's geographical climate and vector biology was established. A four-level prevention and control system based on responsibility implementation was constructed, and a professional and technical team with a complete range of technologies was set up. An emergency mechanism for urban disease prevention and venues protection was established. Together with the implementation of a comprehensive control strategy, carry out a publicity campaign with distinct themes and progressive stages. The working model of prevention and control was monitoring-oriented, based on a hierarchical and overall supervision and guidance system. All of the work was carried out to guarantee the vector control during the G20 Hangzhou Summit. Results No reported vector infringement, vector-borne infectious diseases, complaints of vector infestation, or dissemination of adverse information was reported. In the early stage of the Summit, the key indicators of mosquitoes, flies, rodents, and cockroaches in the core areas were at a low level, and the mean number of mosquito larvae (or pupae) per spoon, the positive rate of fly breeding sites, and the route index of rodents dropped to 0. Compared with those in May, the route index of mosquito larvae and Breteau index before G20 Hangzhou Summit (August) decreased by 79.4% and 73.9% in the core areas, and the positive rates of indoor cockroach trace, rodent trace, and fly larvae breeding sites decreased by 69.0%, 66.1%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion Through the establishment of vector prevention system, implementation of responsibility, promotion of participation of the whole population, and carrying out of the comprehensive prevention strategies, no incidents of vector infringement, vector-borne infectious diseases, complaints about vector invasion, and bad media information dissemination have been achieved, thus providing a reference for vector control in important activities in China.
Objective To investigate the pathogens carried by flies at Tibetan ports, and to provide a technical support for the health quarantine and law enforcement at ports. Methods From May to October, 2017, pathogen detection was performed for flies collected at Lhasa Gonggar International Airport, Jilong port, and Yadong port. Bacterial detection was performed for fly samples using the microbiological isolation and pure culture technology, 16S rRNA gene sequence identification, and physiological and biochemical identification techniques, and RT-PCR was used to detect the virus carried by flies. Results A total of 37 pathogenic bacteria (conditioned pathogens) were isolated from flies, including Enterococcus faecalis, Hafnia alvei, Moellerella wisconsensis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Enterococcus durans. Virus detection found one case of rotavirus (group A), resulting in a detection rate of 2.0% (1/50). Conclusion Flies carry a large number of bacteria, and some of them may also carry enterovirus, which may lead to the risk of disease spread at frontier ports. Health quarantine departments should strengthen the monitoring and detection of flies at frontier ports to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Objective To investigate the infestation of common vectors (namely, rodents, flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches) in rural households in Shanxi province, China, so as to provide a basis for the assessment of environmental health hazards in rural areas. Methods In every August from 2015 to 2017, an investigation was conducted on the infestation of rodents, flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches from 720 rural households in 20 villages in 5 towns in each of the 36 counties in Shanxi province, and statistical analyses were carried out on the resulted data. Univariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the time and space difference in the infestation of the vectors. Results There were no significant between-year differences in the infestation rates of rodents, flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches from the rural households in Shanxi province from 2015 to 2017. During the three years, the average rodent infestation rate in the rural households across the province was 31.75%, with the highest infestation rate observed in Datong (61.00%), followed by Shuozhou (56.56%), and the lowest infestation rate was observed in Changzhi (14.89%); the rodent infestation rates in Datong and Shuozhou significantly differed from those in Lyuliang and the other seven cities (F=4.185, P=0.002). The average fly infestation rate in the rural households across the province was 78.31%, with the highest infestation rate observed in Datong (95.44%), followed by Shuozhou (91.78%), and the lowest infestation rate was observed in Changzhi (64.22%); the fly infestation rate in Datong significantly differed from that in Lyuliang and the other five cities (F=2.954, P<0.05). The average mosquito infestation rate in the rural households across the province was 12.86%, with the highest infestation rate observed in Jinzhong (23.44%), followed by Taiyuan (20.58%) and Shuozhou (20.44%), and the lowest rate was observed in Xinzhou (6.44%); there was a significant difference in mosquito infestation rate between the areas with a relatively high infestation rate (Jinzhong, Taiyuan, and Shuozhou) and the areas with a relatively low infestation rate (Xinzhou, Lyuliang, Changzhi, and Jincheng) (F=2.519, P=0.034). The average cockroach infestation rate in the rural households across the province was 2.19%, with the highest infestation rate observed in Taiyuan (6.83%), followed by Datong (2.67%) and Xinzhou (2.67%), and the lowest infestation rate was observed in Yuncheng (0.08%); there was a significant difference in cockroach infestation rate between Taiyuan and the other ten cities (F=2.068, P<0.05). Conclusion The infestation of rodents and flies in rural households in Shanxi province is relatively serious, the mosquito infestation is also unnegligible, while the cockroach infestation may be not so significant. It is necessary to refine the residential environment for inhabitants in the rural areas, enhance their awareness of disease prevention, improve their hygienic habits, and strengthen the vector control, prevention, and management, so as to keep vector-mediated diseases from spreading.
