Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira interrogans, Rickettsia typhi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and Francisella tularensis in rodents in the southeast of Shanxi province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of local natural focal diseases. Methods Seven sampling sites were selected in the southeastern region of Shanxi province in July 2020 and May 2021, and rodents were captured by the night trapping method. The spleen and kidney tissues of rodents were collected under aseptic conditions for detection of the above six pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The difference in pathogen detection rate among different species, sexes, tissues, and habitats of rodents was analyzed by the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. Results In total, 248 rodents from 8 species were captured, including Mus musculus, Apodemus agrarius, Niviventer confucianus, Caryomys inez, A. draco, Rattus tanezumi, Cricetulus triton, and A. peninsulae. Except A. peninsulae, four pathogens namely B. burgdorferi, L. interrogans, A. phagocytophilum, and O. tsutsugamushi were detected in the other 7 species of rodents, with detection rates of 21.77% (54/248), 5.24% (13/248), 1.21% (3/248), and 0.40% (1/248), respectively (χ²=200.097, P<0.001). R. typhi and F. tularensis were not detected. The detection rate of B. burgdorferi was the highest in the forest region and was statistical different between different habitats (χ²=17.906, P<0.001). B. burgdorferi was mainly detected in N. confucianus and A. agrarius, with a higher detection rate in kidney tissue than in spleen tissue (χ²=5.310, P=0.021). The detection rate of L. interrogans was the highest in the village, but was comparable between different habitats (Fisher's exact test, P=0.971). L. interrogans was mainly detected in R. tanezumi, with no statistical difference in the detection rate between spleen and kidney tissues (χ²=0.773, P=0.379). In addition, 11 rodents were found to have mixed infection with two pathogens. Conclusion B. burgdorferi and L. interrogans are the main pathogens prevalent in the rodents in southeastern Shanxi, which may have the possibility to cause human diseases. Therefore, corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken into consideration by relevant authorities.

Key words: Rodent-borne pathogens, Rodents, Prevalence, Southeastern Shanxi

摘要： 目的 了解山西省东南部地区伯氏疏螺旋体、问号钩端螺旋体、莫氏立克次体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、恙虫病东方体及土拉弗朗西斯菌6种病原体在啮齿动物中的流行状况，为当地自然疫源性疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 于2020年7月和2021年5月，在山西省东南部地区选择7个采样点，采用夹夜法捕获啮齿动物，无菌收集其脾脏和肾脏组织，采用荧光定量PCR法进行6种病原体的检测。χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法比较不同鼠种、性别、组织及生境的病原体检出率差异。结果 捕获小家鼠、黑线姬鼠、北社鼠、苛岚绒鼠、中华姬鼠、黄胸鼠、大仓鼠和大林姬鼠8种鼠类共248只。除大林姬鼠外，其余7种鼠类检出伯氏疏螺旋体、问号钩端螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和恙虫病东方体4种病原体，检出率分别为21.77%（54/248）、5.24%（13/248）、1.21%（3/248）和0.40%（1/248），不同病原体检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=200.097，P<0.001）。莫氏立克次体和土拉弗朗西斯菌未检出。伯氏疏螺旋体在林区检出率最高，主要在北社鼠和黑线姬鼠中检出，不同生境间的检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=17.906，P<0.001），其肾脏组织检出率明显高于脾脏组织（χ²=5.310，P=0.021）；问号钩端螺旋体在村庄检出率最高，但不同生境间的检出率差异无统计学意义（Fisher确切概率法，P=0.971），主要在黄胸鼠中检出，在脾脏和肾脏组织中检出率差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.773，P=0.379）。此外，发现11只啮齿动物存在2种病原体混合感染情况。结论 伯氏疏螺旋体和问号钩端螺旋体是山西省东南部地区啮齿动物中流行的主要病原体，存在人类致病风险，相关部门应加以重视。

关键词: 鼠传病原体, 啮齿动物, 流行情况, 晋东南地区