Objective To investigate the community characteristics of small mammals during the quiescent stage of domestic rodent plague foci in Yunnan province of China after 2008 and the reasons for the disparities and changes in community structure, and to provide scientific data support for formulating plague control measures. Methods The stratified sampling method was used to select 10 cities/counties with representative geographical locations and quiescent years of plague in Yunnan province, i.e., Lancang, Midu, Gengma, Yiliang, Lianghe, Menghai, Yuanjiang, Mile, Wenshan, and Longyang, and field investigation was conducted in these areas. The morphological method was used to identify the captured small mammals, Excel 2010 software was used to analyze the sampling data, and the descriptive research method was used to investigate community structure characteristics. Results A total of 2 889 small mammals were captured in these areas and were identified as 22 species in 14 genera, 5 families, and 4 orders. Rattus tanezumi had a composition ratio of 56.97% (1 646/2 889) and was the dominant species; R. norvegicus (6.82%), Suncus murinus (5.71%), Apodemus chevrieri (5.33%), A. draco (5.16%), Mus caroli (3.53%), Crocidura attenuata (2.94%), M. pahari (2.94%), M. musculus (2.32%), R. andamanensis (2.25%), Anourosorex squamipes (1.80%), and Tupaia belangeri (1.11%) were common species; Eothenomys miletus (0.93%), Niviventer confucianus (0.63%), Hylomys suillus (0.42%), Neotetracus sinensis (0.35%), A. latronum (0.21%), R. nitidus (0.17%), C. dracula (0.17%), and Micromys minutus (0.10%) were uncommon species; Bandicota bengalensis (0.07%) and N. fulvescens (0.07%) were rare species. As for the dominant species of small mammals in the 10 areas, only R. tanezumi was the dominant species in Lancang, Menghai, and Gengma; R. tanezumi and another 1-3 species were the dominant species in the other 7 areas, but R. tanezumi was not the first dominant specie in Mile and Yiliang. Conclusion Diverse community structure is observed for small mammals during the quiescent stage of domestic rodent plague foci in Yunnan province, with significant regional differences.
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