Objective To investigate the susceptibility of wild Anopheles sinensis to insecticides, including deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and malathion, in Zaoyang, Hubei province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the local malaria vector control. Methods An. sinensis mosquitoes were captured from cowsheds in Zaoyang of Hubei province in both July 2019 and July 2021. The filter-paper bioassay recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to determine the susceptibility of An. sinensis to deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and malathion. For each insecticide, the test procedures were repeated four times (n≈25) in 2019 and six times (n≈25) in 2021. During the measurement, the numbers of knocked down mosquitoes at 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min were recorded. After 60 min of exposure, all tested adult An. sinensis mosquitoes were transferred to the holding tubes, and the mortality was recorded 24 h later. The insecticide resistance level was assessed based on the WHO criteria. Excel 2007 software was used for data collation. SPSS 17.0 software and the Chi-square test were used to analyze and compare the differences in 60 min knockdown rate between 2019 and 2021. Results The experimental groups of deltamethrin had 60 min knockdown rates of 2.00% in 2019 and 0 in 2021, with a statistical difference between them (χ2=9.800, P=0.007), and had 24 h mortality rates of 7.74% in 2019 and 15.67% in 2021. The experimental groups of beta-cyfluthrin had 60 min knockdown rates of 0 in 2019 and 0.61% in 2021, with a statistical difference between them (χ2=6.400, P=0.011), and had 24 h mortality rates of 17.04% in 2019 and 4.36% in 2021. The experimental groups of malathion had 60 min knockdown rates of 3.06% in 2019 and 3.14% in 2021, with no statistical difference between them (χ2=8.000, P=0.156), and had 24 h mortality rates of 55.58% in 2019 and 82.24% in 2021. The resistance levels to the three types of insecticides were all "resistant" both in 2019 and 2021. Conclusions An. sinensis in Zaoyang, Hubei province has developed resistance to deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and malathion. The monitoring of insecticide resistance of An. sinensis should be strengthened. Insecticides should be used reasonably, and comprehensive control measures should be taken.
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