Objective To investigate the small mammal distribution and their infection with pathogens in rural areas of Quzhou, Zhejiang province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in Quzhou. Methods From September 2020 to July 2021, the night snap trapping method was used to monitor small mammal species in Kecheng district and Longyou county of Quzhou. The viscera of small mammals, including liver, spleen, kidney, and lung, were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the nucleic acids of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot), Leptospira, and Hantavirus. Results A total of 210 small mammals were captured during the survey of Quzhou monitoring sites, with a capture rate of 8.44%. March, September, and November were the peak months of small mammal infestation. Apodemus agrarius (130/210, 61.91%) was the dominant species in rural areas of Quzhou, followed by Rattus tanezumi (32/210, 15.24%) and R. norvegicus (20/210, 9.52%). In terms of various habitats, R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus were the dominant species in rural residential areas, and A. agrarius was the dominant species in farmland and forest land. A total of 210 visceral specimens were collected from the small mammals, of which 13 (6.19%) were positive for hantavirus nucleic acid, 7 (3.33%) were positive for Leptospira nucleic acid, and SFTSV and Ot were not detected. There was a statistical difference between the detection rates of 4 pathogens (χ2=24.176, P<0.001). In terms of various small mammal species, hantavirus nucleic acid was detected only from A. agrarius, with a positive rate of 10.00% (13/130); Leptospira nucleic acid was detected from R. norvegicus, A. agrarius, and R. tanezumi, with positive rates of 5.00% (1/20), 3.85% (5/130), and 3.13% (1/32), respectively; there was no statistical difference between the positive rates (χ2=0.114, P=0.945). Some A. agrarius rodents were co-infected with hantavirus and Leptospira. Conclusion A. agrarius, R. tanezumi, and R. norvegicus are the dominant species in rural areas of Quzhou. A. agrarius carries hantavirus and Leptospira; R. tanezumi and R. norvegicus carry Leptospira. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases and carry out patriotic health campaigns of rodent control and disease prevention to reduce the risk of infection with rodent-borne diseases.
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