目的 调查贵州省部分少数民族食用鼠种类构成及病原体携带情况，为今后鼠及鼠传疾病防治提供基础资料。方法 通过访谈了解当地少数民族食用鼠类情况，采用夹夜法在黔东南苗族侗族自治州3县4乡镇的山地林区开展鼠类调查并分类鉴定，解剖采集其脏器放于-20 ℃低温保存并运送至实验室；采用PCR技术检测鼠体携带钩端螺旋体（钩体）、汉坦病毒、鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）情况，并对其中2份鼠肠道细菌进行分离鉴定。结果 共捕获鼠标本141只，捕获率为20.74%，共计2科5属10种，其中食用最多鼠种为青毛鼠和白腹巨鼠。钩体检测阳性率为27.08%（13/48），Ⅰ型汉坦病毒阳性率为0.71%（1/141），Ⅱ型汉坦病毒阳性率为12.77%（18/141），鼠疫菌均为阴性（0/125）。青毛鼠十二指肠分离到4种菌，均不具备致泻性，而白腹巨鼠分离到4种菌，其中2种具有致泻性。结论 青毛鼠及白腹巨鼠是山地林间优势种也是食用的主要鼠种，其携带钩体和汉坦病毒，应是重要的储存宿主，具有较高的传播流行风险。建议加强该地区鼠及鼠传疾病的监测，重视鼠传疾病及其防治知识的宣传教育，以降低该地区鼠传疾病的发病风险。
Objective To investigate the species composition of edible rodents and rodent-borne pathogens in some ethnic minority areas in Guizhou province, and to provide basic data for the prevention and control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases. Methods Edible rodents were preliminarily investigated through interviews with local ethnic minority people. Rodents were captured by the night trapping method in the mountainous forest areas of three counties and four towns in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong autonomous prefecture. Rodents were identified and dissected and the viscera were stored at -20 ℃ and transported to the laboratory. PCR was used to detect rodent-borne Leptospira, Hantavirus, and Yersinia pestis. Bacteria were isolated and identified from two intestinal samples. Results A total of 141 (20.74%) rodents were captured, which belonged to 2 families, 5 genera, and 10 species, and the most frequently consumed rodents were Berylmys bowersi and Niviventer coninga. Leptospira (positive rate, 13/48, 27.08%), Hantavirus type I (positive rate, 1/141, 0.71%), and Hantavirus type Ⅱ (positive rate, 18/141, 12.77%) were detected, while Y. pestis was absent (0/125). Four non-diarrheagenic bacterial species were isolated from the duodenum of B. bowersi, while two of the four bacterial strains isolated from N. coninga were diarrheagenic. Conclusion The dominant species of edible rodents in mountain forests are B. bowersi and N. coninga. These species are major hosts of Leptospira and Hantavirus and present a high risk of disease transmission. We suggest to strengthen the surveillance of rodents and rodent-borne diseases in this area, and pay attention to the publicity and education of rodent-borne diseases to reduce the risk of infection.
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