目的 了解潍坊市农村居民防鼠灭鼠基本知识的知晓情况，为制定和完善相关农村防鼠灭鼠策略提供依据。方法 采用随机数字的方法，在潍坊市的各县（市、区）随机抽取630户居民进行问卷调查，计数资料采用χ²检验，利用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果 60.0%的居民自述家中现在仍有鼠类活动，各县（市、区）鼠类生存情况差异有统计学意义（χ²=69.126，P=0.000）；居民对防鼠灭鼠知晓率为42.7%，各县（市、区）防鼠灭鼠知晓情况差异有统计学意义（χ²=154.521，P=0.000）；在鼠类危害、鼠传疾病知晓情况和防鼠灭鼠措施知晓及使用情况方面，潍坊市各县（市、区）之间差异均有统计学意义（均P<05）。结论潍坊市农村居民对规范的防鼠灭鼠措施知晓率低，规范落实防鼠灭鼠措施情况较差。

Objective To investigate the awareness of basic knowledge of rodent control and prevention among rural residents in Weifang, China, and to provide a basis for developing and perfecting rodent control and deratization strategies in rural areas. Methods A random number table was used to select 630 residential households from the counties and districts of Weifang, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among these residents. The chi-square test was used for data analysis by SPSS 17.0 software. Results Of all residents, 60.0% reported that they still had rodents in their homes, and there was a significant difference in the survival of rodents between the counties and districts (χ²=69.126, P=0.000). The awareness rate of rodent control and prevention among these residents was 42.7%, and there was a significant difference in the awareness of rodent control and prevention among the counties and districts (χ²=154.521, P=0.000). There were also significant differences in the awareness of rodent harm and rodent-borne diseases and the awareness and use of rodent control and prevention measures between the counties and districts (all P<0.05). Conclusion There is a low awareness rate of standard rodent control and prevention measures among rural residents in Weifang, with poor implementation of standard rodent control and prevention measures.