目的 分析南昌市安义县2009-2016年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）宿主动物的种群特征，为HFRS防控提供科学依据。方法 2009-2016年每年3-4月和9-10月定时、定点对调查点居民区内和外环境开展鼠密度调查，采用夹夜法监测鼠密度，直接免疫荧光试验检测鼠肺汉坦病毒抗原，秩相关统计方法分析相关指标。结果 居民区外环境鼠密度为9.93%，黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种，带病毒率为6.16%；居民区鼠密度为7.22%，黄胸鼠为优势鼠种，但带病毒率低，仅为0.32%，褐家鼠为常见鼠种，带病毒率高，为2.88%。鼠带病毒率、带病毒鼠指数与HFRS发病率呈正相关。结论 黑线姫鼠和褐家鼠是该县HFRS的主要宿主动物，应加强灭鼠防鼠以降低HFRS发生和流行的风险。

Objective To analyze the population characteristics of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) from 2009 to 2016 in Anyi county, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFRS. Methods Snap traps were used for rodent surveillance during March to April and September to October. Direct immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the antigen of Hantavirus in the rodent lung. Related indicators were analyzed with rank correlation. Results Outside the residential area, the rodent population density was 9.93%; Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species with a virus infection rate of 6.16%. In the residential area, the rodent population density was 7.22%; Rattus tanezumi was the dominant species with a low infection rate of 0.32%; Rattus norvegicus was a common species with a relatively high infection rate of 2.88%. HFRS incidence was positively correlated with the rodent infection rate and infection index. Conclusion Apodemus agrarius and R. norvegicus are main hosts animals of HFRS in Anyi county. Rodent control should be strengthened to reduce the risk of HFRS outbreak and epidemics.