目的 探讨使用具有抗性卫生用农药对施药者和居住者的健康风险评估。方法 参考2018年世界卫生组织发布的室内滞留喷洒杀虫剂通用风险评估模型，对我国已登记的4种农药（高效氯氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯）、3种剂型、8种产品在初级健康风险评估基础上，探索其抗药性健康风险评估。结果 大多数拟除虫菊酯类产品对白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊和淡色库蚊成蚊在低抗性倍数下，健康风险基本可接受；在高抗性倍数下（施药者>50倍，居住者>20倍），健康风险多数不可接受。结论 研究和结果有助于拓展蚊虫抗药性与健康风险评估领域的研究及影响因素的分析，确保施药者和居住者的健康安全。加强抗性监控，提高农药使用效率，可推进健康风险评估和病媒生物综合管理。
Objective To explore the health risk assessment for operators and residents using public health pesticides with developed resistance. Methods This paper refers to WHO's Generic risk assessment model for indoor residual spraying insecticides in 2018, attempts to conduct a preliminary health risk assessment based on 4 pesticidal active ingredients (beta-cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin), 3 types of formulation and 8 commercial products registered in China, and try to carry out their resistance health risk assessment. Results Most of risk levels to health are basically acceptable when adult Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, and Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes develop low levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Under high resistance ratios (50-fold for operators, 20-fold for residents) in these species, however, most risk levels to health are not acceptable. Conclusion The research and results are helpful to expand the study field of mosquito resistance and health risk assessment and analysis of influencing factors,so as to ensure the health and safety of operators and residents. It is necessary to strengthen resistance monitoring, improve pesticide usage, promote health risk assessment in integrated vector management.
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