目的 对河北省鼠疫监测区2007-2016年夜行鼠种群数量进行调查，揭示其种群结构变化规律及其与动物鼠疫流行的因果关系。方法 2007-2016年采用5 m夹线法，傍晚布夹，次日早晨收夹，计算捕获率。结果 共布放有效夹145 600夹次，捕鼠1 257只，隶属3科15种，捕获率为0.86%；以黑线仓鼠为优势种，占捕获总数的77.17%。结论 河北省鼠疫监测区2013年鼠种类最少，其他各年度差异不明显，鼠疫疫源地处于动物间鼠疫流行的静息期。

Objective To study the changes of the population structure of 10-year-old rats in the plague surveillance areas in Hebei province, the causal relationship was monitored between the changes of the population structure and the epidemic of plague the population. Methods The 5-Meter-Clip was used. In the evening, the mousetrap was set up, and the mousetrap was collected on the second morning. The result was calculated. Results Through 10 years of monitoring, a total of 145 600 trappings were carried out and 1 257 rats were caught. The catch rate was 0.86%. There were 15 species collected, Cricetulus barabensis was the predominant species of small rats and accounted for about 77.17% of the species. Conclusion The population of small rats has changed in the plague surveillance area of Hebei province. This was resting phase in the natural foci of plague.