目的 了解中国-哈萨克斯坦（中哈）边境阿拉山口口岸地区捕获小兽携带汉坦病毒（HV）情况，为该地区对HV感染流行的防控提供依据。方法 2016年1-11月采用夹捕法和弓形夹法在中哈边境铁路沿线区域捕获小兽，随机选取95份小兽肺组织提取RNA并反转录为cDNA。采用HV特异性引物进行PCR检测，阳性产物进行测序、分析并利用MEGA 6.0软件构建分子遗传进化树。结果 95份小兽样本经PCR检测及测序发现阳性样本24份（其中大沙鼠11份，红尾沙鼠、子午沙鼠和柽柳沙鼠各4份，灰仓鼠1份），阳性率为25.26%。经DNAman比对分析发现5个不同HV基因型，同源性为98.41%；BLAST序列分析均与GenBank数据库中已登录的汉城型汉坦病毒（SEOV）的同源性达98.09%~98.33%。遗传进化树显示，与汉城型DPRK08聚为一支。结论 中哈边境阿拉山口铁路沿线区域首次在大沙鼠、红尾沙鼠、子午沙鼠、柽柳沙鼠和灰仓鼠中检测出SEOV，证实该地区有5种鼠类携带感染HV。

Objective To determine the infection rate of hantavirus in rodents and provide basic data for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) at China-Kazakhstan border railway extension line area. Methods Night trapping and arch clamp methods were applied to monitor population structure of rodents at China-Kazakhstan border railway extension line area, 95 mice's lung tissues were randomly selected to extract the RNA, and corresponding cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. All of 95 samples were detected by PCR targeting hantavirus. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0 software. Results Twenty-four (11 Rhombomys opimus, 4 Meriones libycus, 4 M. meridianus, 4 M. tamariscinus, 1 Cricetulus migratorius) samples were positive (24/95, 25.26%) for hantavirus. DNAman alignment analysis on 24 positive sequences, indicated that there are 6 different genotypes, and the homology was 98.41%. BLAST analysis showed that six sequences exhibited 98.09% to 98.33% similarity with the corresponding sequences of Seoul virus. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the Hantavirus agents were found in rat cluster with Seoul virus DPRK08. Conclusion Hantavirus infection was found in rodents at China-Kazakhstan border railway extension line area. The prevention and control of hantavirus in rodents should be strengthened to ensure port health safety and to prevent outbreak of the HFRS epidemic in the port area.