目的 以中国-哈萨克斯坦边境（中哈边境）阿拉山口地区常见鼠种为研究对象，使用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）和细胞色素b（Cytb）基因，利用DNA条形码技术鉴定鼠种。方法 2013－2014年在中哈边境阿拉山口地区采集鼠类样本，形态学鉴定完毕后提取鼠肝脏DNA，用PCR方法扩增线粒体COⅠ和 Cytb基因，进行测序及Blast分析，使用Mega 6.0软件构建分子进化树。结果 共采集鼠类样本4属7种382只，COⅠ和Cytb 基因鉴定与形态学鉴定结果相符。结论 DNA条形码技术可对鼠类进行有效的鉴定，为口岸快速准确地识别宿主及监控外来医学媒介生物提供了科学依据。

Objective To evaluate the cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) and cytochrome b (Cytb) gene as the DNA barcodes for identifying the rodent species in the Alataw pass, China-Kazakhatan. Methods The genome DNA were extracted from rodent samples of 7 species collected from Alataw pass, China-Kazakhatan during the 2013-2014. The mitochondrial COⅠand Cytb genes was amplified by PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic trees were constructed by Mega 6.0 based on the nucleotide sequences of rodents published in the GenBank and the homology was analyzed. Results The 382 rodent samples of 7 species were clustered into 4 genera during the 2013-2014. The identification of COⅠ and Cytb gene results were 100% matched with the morphological analysis. Conclusion DNA barcoding can be used to effectively identify rodent species. DNA barcode technology provides a quick and accurate tool to identify the pathogen hosts and exotic medical vectors.