中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 128-133.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.02.003

• 全国病媒生物监测专题报道 • 上一篇    下一篇

2018年全国媒介蚊虫监测报告

郭玉红, 吴海霞, 刘小波, 岳玉娟, 任东升, 赵宁, 李贵昌, 宋秀平, 鲁亮, 刘起勇   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室, 传染病预防控制国家重点实验室, 感染性疾病诊治协同创新中心, 世界卫生组织媒介生物监测与管理合作中心, 北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-28 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘起勇,Email:liuqiyong@icdc.cn
  • 作者简介:郭玉红,女,博士,研究员,主要从事媒介蚊虫监测及控制研究,Email:guoyuhong@icdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项(2017ZX10303404005003);传染病预防控制国家重点实验室自主研究重点课题(2018SKLID101);优秀博士论文导师项目(2018SKLID802)

National vectors surveillance report on mosquitoes in China, 2018

GUO Yu-hong, WU Hai-xia, LIU Xiao-bo, YUE Yu-juan, REN Dong-sheng, ZHAO Ning, LI Gui-chang, SONG Xiu-ping, LU Liang, LIU Qi-yong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2019-02-28 Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-20
  • Supported by:
    Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017ZX10303404005003), Key Project of SKLID(No.2018SKLID101) and the Project for Excellence in Doctoral Research Supervision (No. 2018SKLID802)

摘要: 目的 分析2018年我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)蚊媒监测资料,了解蚊媒构成、分布、密度变化等,为蚊媒传染病流行风险提供基础资料,为媒介蚊虫防制提供指导。方法 2018年,采用诱蚊灯法、双层叠帐法、布雷图指数(BI)法、勺捕法、路径法采集蚊虫并记录采集数量,收集31个省级单位90个国家级监测点2018年全年蚊媒监测数据,利用Excel 2013软件进行统计分析。结果 2018年我国居民区蚊虫种类以淡色/致倦库蚊为主,占捕获总数的60.25%,其他依次为三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊,分别占21.64%、7.19%、2.61%和0.23%;各类生境中,以牲畜棚中的蚊密度最高,达31.96只/(灯·夜),其次为养殖场和农户,分别为13.08和11.32只/(灯·夜),公园、医院、居民区蚊密度相对较低;成蚊密度4-5月开始上升,6-9月保持在高位,10月下降,幼蚊密度上升略早于成蚊;双层叠帐法在各类生境中均捕获数量较多的白纹伊蚊,特别是6-9月蚊密度较高;BI法结果显示,农村自然村BI值最高(22.04)。结论 2018年全国蚊虫监测数据提示,我国居民区具有登革热、流行性乙型脑炎、疟疾等蚊媒疾病流行风险;养殖场蚊密度远低于牲畜棚,集约饲养是一种抑制蚊虫孳生的重要方式;蚊虫高峰活动期在6-9月,但在早期的调查中即有阳性水体,提示应及早开展蚊媒防控;农村自然村蚊密度高,存在蚊媒疾病传播风险。建议各监测点持续加强蚊媒监测工作,为靶标蚊虫的控制,为蚊媒疾病的科学防控提供依据。

关键词: 媒介蚊虫, 监测, 种群构成, 防控

Abstract: Objective To analyze the mosquito surveillance data of the National Vectors Surveillance in China in the 31 provincial regions (provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the central government) in 2018 and investigate the species composition, distribution, and seasonality of mosquito vectors, and to provide a basis for the risk analysis of mosquito-borne diseases and mosquito vector control program. Methods In 2018, the lamp trapping method, double mosquito net method, Breteau index (BI) method, scoop capture method, and route method were used to capture mosquitoes and record their numbers. The mosquito vector surveillance data throughout 2018 were collected from 90 national surveillance sites in the 31 provincial regions and analyzed by Excel 2013. Results In 2018, the dominant mosquito species in China's residential areas were Culex pipiens/Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus, which accounted for 60.25% of all captured mosquitoes, followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti, which accounted for 21.64%, 7.19%, 2.61%, and 0.23%, respectively. In all habitats, livestock sheds had the highest mosquito density, reaching 31.96 mosquitoes/lamp·night, followed by livestock farms and rural households, with 13.08 and 11.32 mosquitoes per lamp per night, respectively; the mosquito density was relatively low in parks, hospitals, and residential areas. The adult mosquito density began to increase during April to May, remained high during June to September, and declined in October; the density of mosquito larvae increased slightly earlier than that of adult mosquitoes. More Ae. albopictus was captured with the double mosquito net method than with other methods in all habitats, especially during June to September. Rural natural villages had the highest BI (22.04). Conclusion The mosquito surveillance data of the National Vectors Surveillance in China in 2018 showed a certain risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria in the residential areas of China. The mosquito density in livestock sheds was much higher than that in livestock farms, suggesting that intensive livestock production pattern may avoid mosquito infestation. The peak season of mosquitoes was from June to September, but larvae positive water bodies were found in early investigations, so mosquito vector control should be carried out early and continuously. Rural natural villages had a high mosquito density, and the risk of mosquito-borne diseases do exist. It is recommended to strengthen mosquito vector surveillance in order to provide accurate data for target mosquito control and provide a scientific basis for effective control of mosquito-borne diseases in China.

Key words: Mosquito vectors, Surveillance, Population composition, Control

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