中国媒介生物学及控制杂志

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浙西地区肾综合征出血热监测研究

方春福;余樟友;汪垂章;王炜;高奕;雷林海;王新民   

  1. 浙江省衢州市疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科 衢州324000
  • 出版日期:2006-04-20 发布日期:2006-04-20

Analysis on Surveillance of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Quzhou City

FANG Chun-fu; YU Zhang-you; WANG Chui-zhang; WANG Wei; GAO Yi; LEI Lin-hai; WANG Xin-min   

  1. Quzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Zhejiang Province, Quzhou 324000, China
  • Online:2006-04-20 Published:2006-04-20

摘要: 目的 掌握肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行规律与疫源地情况,为控制HFRS的流行提供依据。方法 运用描述流行病和疫源地调查方法,对人间疫情和主要宿主动物进行分析,采集标本送实验室采用间接免疫荧光法测抗体,直接免疫荧光法测抗原。结果 1965年后的近40年来,衢州共发生HFRS18422例,年均发病率为21.87/10万,死亡271例,病死率1.47%。发病季节随年代发生明显变化,20世纪80年代以前,冬春峰发病数之比为7.22∶1,2000年以后为1.18∶1,农民发病占82.41%,男女之比为2.20∶1,25~54岁组发病占78.26%。开化县和衢江区是我市最主要HFRS疫区。2002~2004年室外鼠密度为3.64%,室内为4.20%。褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠分别为室内和野外优势鼠种,带病毒鼠指数分别为0.026和0.034。3年的带病毒鼠指数分别是0.048、0.036和0.032,与发病率变化存在相关性。结论 自1965年报告首发病例后40年来,发病率曲线呈单峰型,表明HFRS存在散发、流行、逐步静息的自然规律性。我市仍然是一个以姬鼠型为主的混合型疫区,近年来疫情的下降,不仅在于易感人群接触病原体机会的减少,也在于自然界主要宿主动物的带病毒鼠指数的下降。HFRS的防制工作仍应引起高度重视。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 带病毒率, 流行病学, 监测

Abstract: Objective To study the epidemic characteristics,determine the type of epidemic area,and make the preventive strategy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS). Methods Descriptive epidemiology methods and epidemic area survey were applied,epidemic situation among humans and the main host animals were analyzed. Samples were collected and fluorescent antibody(FA) was used to detect HV antigen,and immunofluoresce assay(IFA) for antibody detection. Results Since 1965,a total of 18 422 cases occurred in Quzhou city,the annual average incidence rate was 21.87/100 000. Besides,271 cases died,and the mortality was 1.47%. The prevalence seasons changed obviously in different years. The ratio of cases occurring in winter to that in spring was 7.22∶1 before 1980s' then decreased to 1.18∶1 after 2000. Farmer accounted for 82.41% of all cases and the ratio of male to female was 2.20∶1,25-54 years old cases accounted for 78.26%. The Kaihua and Qujiang district were the main epidemic zones in Quzhou city. From 2002-2004,the rat density in the field was 3.64%,whereas that of indoor was 4.20%. Rattus norvegicus,Apodemus agrarius were the predominant species,with the indice of two species of rats with virus was 0.026,0.034 respectively. During the three years,the indice of mixed species of rats were 0.048,0.036,0.032 respectively,correlating with incidence rate. Conclusion During the last 40 years,since the first case reported in 1965,the incidence rate showed the typical single-peak mode,which seems prevalence of HFRS follows the laws of sporadic occurring,prevailing,the dying out. Quzhou city is still a Apodemus-type predominant epidemic area. For these years,the HFRS morbidity reduced not only because of the decreasing chances of people contacting virus,but also the decreasing indexes of rat with virus. We still should further strengthen prevention of the HFRS.