中国媒介生物学及控制杂志

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周宁县肾综合征出血热防制研究报告

章武壮; 陈永滔; 阙少聪; 刘景荣; 肖树生; 许华; 郑少玲   

  1. 福建省周宁县卫生防疫站 355400
  • 出版日期:1995-04-20 发布日期:1995-04-20

A Report of Prevention and Control Studies on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal syndrome(HFRS) in Zhou Ning County

zhang Wu-zhuang;et al   

  1. Zhou Ning County Hygiene and Epidemic Prevention Station,Fujian Privince 35540
  • Online:1995-04-20 Published:1995-04-20

摘要: 周宁县1973~1993年发生肾综合征出血热320例,年发病率波动在0.76~24.44/10万,年均发病率10.24/10万;死亡13例,病死率4.06%,病例分布于除咸村镇之外的8个乡镇67个村。疫情相对集中,狮城镇发病占总病例数的40.31%。季节分布呈单峰型,流行高峰在11~12月。发病以青壮年为主,男女之比为3.57:1,农民发病占62.5%。检查恢复期病人血清112份,阳性率为92.85%;检测疫区健康人群血清254份,隐性感染率为0.79%,调查疫区鼠类5215只,发现6种鼠类携带病毒,以黑线姬鼠带病毒率最高(4.05%),其次为褐家鼠(2.56%);并从人和鼠中分离到野鼠型病毒株。监测证实,主要传染源是黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠,疫区类型是以姬鼠型为主的混合型疫源地。自1991年开展控制效果研究以来,每年在疫区进行两次灭鼠,使室内、外鼠密度比灭鼠前分别下降63.98%和58.13%,带病毒率下降65.85%,发病率比灭鼠前18年年均下降49.96%,与灭鼠前3年相比下降69.27%。监测发现,黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠和黄毛鼠的带病毒鼠指数与发病相关,可作为效果考核与预测指标。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 灭鼠, 控制效果

Abstract: This article reports the surveillance on HFRS and the results of control studies in Zhou Ning County from 1973 to 1903.A total of 320 cases occurred in 21 years.The annual morbidity fluctuated between 0.76 to 24.44/100000.Thirteen casesdied with a case fatality rate of 4.06%.Cases were distributed in 69 villages,besides Xian Cun Town.The occurrence of this disease was relatively concentrated.The number of cases in shi Cheng Town accounted for 40.31% of the total.Seasonal distribution showed a single peak. The epidemic peak occurred in November and December.Adolescent and adult cases were predeminant.The ratio of male to female was 3.57:1.62.5% of cases were farmers.The positive rate in 112 convalescent-phase sera was 92.85%.The inapparent infection rale in 254 healthy persons in epidemic areas was 0.79%.Six species of rats were found to carry HFRS virus among 5215 rats investigated in epidemic areas, mainly Apodemus agrarius with the highest virus-carrying rate(4.05%), Rattus norvegicus being the next(2.56).Wild rat-type virus strains were isolated from human and rats.Survei11ance confirmed that the type of epidemic areas was the mixed type with predominance of wild rats.Studies on the efficacy of control were begun in 1991, and eradication of rats was carried out twice a year in epidemic areas.The densities of rats inside houses and outside houses declined 63.98% and 58.13%, respectively, as compared with those before era dication. Thevirus-carrying rate declined 65.85%. The morbidity declined 49.96%, as compared with that of 18-year average percentage before eradication;and declined 69.27%,as compared with that of 3 years before eradication. Surveillance found that the indices of virus-carrying rates of Apodemus agrarius,Rattus norvegicus and Rattus losea were related with the occurrence of this disease,and might serve as the indices for checking the efficacy and for prediction.