Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province, China from 2010 to 2022, and understand the incidence level of scrub typhus, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control strategies against scrub typhus.Methods The data on cases of scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected to analyze the incidence, the spatial, temporal, and population distribution characteristics, and the changing trend of scrub typhus with the use of Excel 2007 and SPSS 18.0 softwares. The annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated using Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software. The incidence rate was mapped using SuperMap 8C softwares; the peak day and peak period of incidence were calculated using the circular distribution method.Results A total of 938 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2022, with no deaths. The incidence rate increased from 0.04/100 000 in 2010 to 0.52/100 000 in 2022. The cases were distributed in 60 counties and districts of 10 cities of the province, mainly in Xi’an, Ankang, Shangluo, and Hanzhong (the total cases of the four districts accounting for 97.33%). The incidence was concentrated between October and November (accounting for 59.80%), and the peak period was from August 3rd to December 5th and the peak day was Oct 4th. The cases were mainly aged 45-<75 years, accounting for 74.52%, and the male-to-female ratio was 0.97:1. In terms of occupation, farmers accounted for an overwhelming cases percentage of 87.85%. The median time from disease onset to diagnosis was 6 days.Conclusions Scrub typhus in Shaanxi Province has shown an overall increasing incidence and involved a constantly expanding range, with significant regionality and seasonality and a high incidence among middle-aged and elderly people in rural areas. In the endemic areas of scrub typhus, it is necessary to strengthen the density monitoring of rodents and chigger mites, promote health education for key populations, and ensure personal protection in field work, so as to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of scrub typhus.

Key words: Scrub typhus, Epidemiology characteristic, Distribution of disease, Incidence rate

摘要： 目的 分析陕西省2010－2022年恙虫病的流行特征,了解恙虫病的发病水平,为制定恙虫病的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法 收集陕西省2010－2022年恙虫病病例信息,采用Excel 2007和SPSS 18.0软件对恙虫病的发病率、三间分布特征及变化趋势进行分析；Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件计算年度变化百分比和平均年度变化百分比；SuperMap 8C软件绘制发病率地图；圆形分布法计算发病高峰日和高峰期。结果 陕西省2010－2022年共报告恙虫病938例,无死亡病例；发病率由2010年的0.04/10万上升至2022年的0.52/10万；病例涉及全省10个地（市）60个县（区）,主要分布在西安、安康、商洛和汉中市,4地病例数占比为97.33%；发病高峰在8月3日－12月5日,其中10－11月病例占比为59.80%,发病高峰日为10月4日；45～<75岁年龄组发病较多,占比为74.52%,男女性别比为0.97∶1；发病人群职业以农民为主,占比为87.85%。从发病到诊断的中位时间为6 d。结论 陕西省恙虫病发病率呈现整体上升趋势,涉及范围不断扩大,呈现明显的地区和季节聚集分布,农村中老年人群高发。建议在恙虫病流行地区加强鼠类和恙螨密度监测,并对重点人群开展健康教育,野外工作做好个人防护,减少恙虫病的发生和流行。

关键词: 恙虫病, 流行特征, 疾病分布, 发病率