袁珩,E-mail:447843610@qq.com
YUAN Heng, E-mail: 447843610@qq.com
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吴朝学,男,副主任医师,主要从事鼠疫、炭疽等自然疫源性疾病控制工作,E-mail:408586283@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2025-02-11
网络出版日期: 2025-08-26
版权
Surveillance of animal plague in the natural plague foci of Marmota himalayana in Sichuan Province, China, 2011-2024
Received date: 2025-02-11
Online published: 2025-08-26
Copyright
目的: 分析四川省喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行特点,为全面评估该疫源地鼠疫流行风险和人间鼠疫疫情防控提供依据。方法: 收集2011-2024年四川省喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地监测数据,计算喜马拉雅旱獭密度、夜行鼠捕获率、宿主染蚤率、病原学和血清学阳性率,采用Joinpoint Regression Program 3.4.3软件对鼠密度、捕获率、染蚤率做趋势分析。结果: 共调查旱獭分布面积71 933 hm2,平均獭密度为0.25只/hm2,年獭密度在0.13~0.53只/hm2,年度变化整体呈上升趋势[平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)=6.99%,P=0.034];夜行鼠捕获率为1.44%,年捕获率在0.82%~2.97%,年度变化整体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-5.73%,P=0.036);旱獭染蚤率为46.32%,年染蚤率在25.87%~60.43%,年度变化呈下降趋势,无统计学意义(AAPC=-2.04%,P=0.140),染蚤以斧形盖蚤、谢氏山蚤为主。共检出鼠疫耶尔森菌65株,检菌率为0.72%,全部来自自毙旱獭,分菌时间主要集中在5-8月,占整体分菌数的84.38%;血清学检测阳性率为0.31%,主要动物来源为牧犬。结论: 2011-2024年四川省喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地旱獭密度呈上升趋势,应在喜马拉雅旱獭活动季多区域设点监测,加大监测覆盖面,及时发现动物疫情,防止人间鼠疫的发生。
吴朝学 , 马新雅 , 袁珩 , 扎西彭措 , 杨军 , 李民杰 , 杨闯 , 满珂 . 2011-2024年四川省喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2025 , 36(4) : 457 -461 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2025.04.004
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in Marmot himalayan plague natural foci in Sichuan Province, so as to provide evidence for comprehensive assessment of the risk of plague epidemic, and to provide basic for human plague epidemic prevention and control in the future. Methods: The surveillance data of plague foci of M. himalayana in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2024 were collected. The density of M. himalayana, the capture rate of nocturnal rodents, rate of hosts infected with fleas, and the etiological and serological positive rates were calculated. Joinpoint Regression Program 3.4.3 software was used for trend analysis of rodent density, capture rate, and flea infestation rate. Results: A total of 71 933 hm2 of marmot distribution area were investigated. The mean density of marmots was 0.25 animals/hm2. The annual density of marmots ranged from 0.13 to 0.53 animals/hm2, and the annual variation showed an upward trend [average annual percentage change (AAPC)=6.99%, P=0.034]. The capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 1.44%; the annual capture rate ranged from 0.82% to 2.97%, and the annual variation tended to decrease (AAPC=-5.73%, P=0.036). The flea infestation rate of marmots was 46.32%; the annual flea infestation rate ranged from 25.87% to 60.43%, and the annual variation showed a decreasing trend without statistical significance (AAPC=-2.04%, P=0.140). The main species of fleas were Callopsylla dolabris and Oropsylla silantiewi. A total of 65 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected, with the detection rate of 0.72%. Positive etiological results were all obtained from self-dying marmots. The positive strains were mainly obtained from May to August, accounting for 84.38% of the whole. The serological positive rate was 0.31%, and the main animal source was herding dogs. Conclusions: The densities of M. himalayana in the plague natural foci of M. himalayana in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2024 shows a upward trend. In the active season of M. himalayana, surveillance sites should be set up in multiple regions to increase the surveillance coverage, timely detect animal epidemics, and prevent the occurrence of human plague.
Key words: Marmota himalayana; Plague; Surveillance
利益冲突 无
感谢参加四川省喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫监测、防控工作的各县疾病预防控制中心、甘孜州疾病预防控制中心、阿坝州疾病预防控制中心和四川省疾病预防控制中心领导、专家和工作人员的支持和帮助
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