目的: 掌握西安市郊区县鼠种类、密度及其携带汉坦病毒情况，为防鼠灭鼠和预防肾综合征出血热提供科学依据。方法: 2023年1－12月，将西安市郊区县按照东、南、西、北不同方位划分为4个调查区域，在各区域随机选择地点监测鼠类。生境包括城镇居民区、农村居民区、重点场所、农田耕地、草地林地等5类。采用夹夜法，以花生米为诱饵，对捕获到的鼠类根据外部形态差异和生态分布特点进行分类鉴定，解剖后取鼠肺采用反转录实时荧光定量PCR方法检测汉坦病毒核酸。采用Excel 2021软件建立数据库，统计学分析采用R 4.3.2软件，Fisher确切概率法分析鼠种构成的差异情况。结果: 共布放有效鼠夹15 146夹次，捕获鼠358只，鼠密度为2.36%。南部区域鼠密度最高，为3.39%，草地林地鼠密度最高，为4.55%。除了北部区域的优势鼠种为小家鼠外，其他区域优势鼠种均为黑线姬鼠，不同区域鼠种构成差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）；草地林地、农田耕地和重点场所的优势鼠种均为黑线姬鼠，城镇居民区优势鼠种为褐家鼠，农村居民区监测到3种家鼠，较多的是小家鼠。不同生境鼠类构成差异有统计学意义（P < 0.001）。对每只鼠取肺进行汉坦病毒核酸检测，共检出阳性鼠20只，均为黑线姬鼠，病毒分型均为汉滩病毒。4个区域中南部区域的鼠类汉坦病毒感染率最高（10.38%），不同生境中农田耕地的鼠类汉坦病毒感染率最高（8.70%）。结论: 西安市郊区县鼠密度和汉坦病毒感染率均较高，尤其是南部区域，需要警惕鼠害风险。建议政府根据调查结果，开展灭鼠和预防鼠传疾病工作，并建立长效管理机制，最终达到有效控制鼠密度、减少鼠源疾病的目的。

Objective: To investigate the species, density, and Hantavirus infection status of rodents in the suburban counties of Xi'an, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the control and prevention of rodents and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Methods: From January to December 2023, rodents were monitored by night-snap trapping with peanut baits at randomly selected sites in the suburban counties of Xi'an, which were divided into four survey areas in the east, south, west, and north. The monitored habitats included urban residential areas, rural residential areas, key places, farmland, and grassland/woodland. Rodents captured were taxonomically classified based on external morphological characteristics and ecological distribution. Lung tissues collected post-dissection were subjected to Hantavirus nucleic acid detection through reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Excel 2021 software was used to establish the database, and R 4.3.2 were used for statistical analyses. Rodent species composition was compared using the Fisher's exact test. Results: A total of 15 146 effective snap traps were deployed, and 358 rodents were captured, with a rodents density of 2.36%. Rodent densities were highest in the southern region at 3.39% and in the grassland/woodland at 4.55%. The dominant species was Mus musculus in the northern region and Apodemus agrarius in the other regions, showing a significant difference in rodents species composition between different regions (P < 0.001). Apodemus agrarius was dominant in grassland/woodland, farmland, and key places, Rattus norvegicus was dominant in urban residential areas, and M. musculus was abundent among three species of rodents found in rural residential areas. The difference in rodent species composition between different habitats was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Hantavirus nucleic acid testing was performed on lung tissue samples for all the captured rodents; and 20 positive rodents were detected, all being A. agrarius, and all infected with Hantaan virus. Among the four regions, rodents in the southern region had the highest Hantavirus infection rate (10.38%), and among the different habitats, rodents in farmland had the highest infection rate (8.70%). Conclusions: Rodent density and Hantavirus infection rate are both high in the suburban counties of Xi'an, especially in the southern region, where the risk of rodent infestations should be paid attention to. Based on the investigation results, the government should carry out rodent control and the prevention of rodent-borne diseases, and establish a long-term management mechanism, so as to effectively control rodent density and reduce rodent-borne diseases.

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