目的: 了解蚊蝇孳生地的种类、数量及其分布情况，为制定蚊蝇控制措施和计划，做好媒介生物传染病的防控奠定基础。方法: 2024年3月在广州市每个街（镇）东、西、南、北、中5个方位各选择50户居民住户；在每个街（镇）按照不同方位调查居民区外环境、机团单位（国家机关、社会团体和企事业单位等）、建筑工地、公园绿化、特种行业和其他环境分别不少于10、15、10、5、5和10个。调查室内和外环境蚊虫孳生情况，并记录孳生地的遮挡情况。在每个街（镇）选择6种以上生境类型调查蝇类孳生地，并记录孳生地容器有无加盖。采用χ²检验比较不同孳生地蚊虫阳性率差异。结果: 3月广州市全市平均布雷图指数（BI）为3.85，平均标准间指数（SSI）为0.26。白纹伊蚊孳生地以花盆、花盆托盘、各种材质容器和水生植物为主，其中居民区4种孳生地分别占37.43%、19.33%、15.45%和18.92%，白纹伊蚊阳性率较高的是树洞竹筒（10.06%）和废轮胎（7.20%）；外环境中4种孳生地分别占20.10%、13.20%、22.67%和13.18%，白纹伊蚊阳性率较高的是废轮胎（6.55%）和树洞竹筒（6.18%）。无遮挡的白纹伊蚊孳生地阳性率（3.89%）高于有遮挡的孳生地（2.14%）（χ²=481.061，P < 0.001）。库蚊孳生地以井类和沟渠类为主，其中居民区2种孳生地分别占35.18%和29.68%，阳性率较高的是沟渠类（8.87%）；外环境2种孳生地分别占52.96%和38.34%，阳性率较高的是洼地（11.57%）。蝇类孳生地平均阳性率为4.33%，主要孳生地类型是垃圾类（61.42%），阳性率较高的是动物质类（6.82%）。加盖蝇类孳生地阳性率（4.09%）低于未加盖孳生地阳性率（4.58%）（χ²=4.744，P=0.029）。结论: 广州市2024年3月蚊、蝇密度较低，但蚊、蝇孳生地较多。不同环境类型蚊蝇孳生情况有差异，遮挡或加盖可以减少白纹伊蚊和蝇类孳生，应根据蚊蝇孳生地实际情况制定对应的治理措施。

Objective: To investigate the type, number, and distribution of mosquito and fly breeding sites in Guangzhou, China, so as to lay the foundation for developing mosquito and fly control measures and plans, and the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Methods: In March 2024, 50 households were selected respectively from the eastern, western, southern, northern, and middle of each sub-district/town in Guangzhou; and in each sub-district/town, the mosquito habitats were selected in different directions, including at least 10 outdoor environments in residential areas, 15 governmental and organizational units (government agencies, social organizations, and enterprises and public institutions), 10 construction sites, 5 parks/green places, 5 special industries, and 10 other environments. The mosquito breeding sites in indoor and outdoor environments was surveyed, and the shelter conditions of the breeding sites were recorded. In each sub-district/town, more than six habitat types were selected to investigate the breeding sites of flies, and whether there were covers on breeding containers were recorded. The Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rates of different breeding sites. Results: In March, the average Breteau index was 3.85, and the average standard space index was 0.26. The main breeding sites of Aedes albopictus were flowerpots, flowerpot trays, containers of various materials and aquatic plants; in residential areas, the proportions of the 4 types of breeding sites were 37.43%, 19.33%, 15.45% and 18.92%, respectively, with higher positive rates in bamboo tubes/tree holes (10.06%) and waste tires (7.20%); and in outdoor environments, the breeding sites proportions were 20.10%, 13.20%, 22.67% and 13.18%, respectively, with higher positive rates in waste tires (6.55%) and bamboo tubes/tree holes (6.18%). The positive rate of Ae. albopictus breeding sites without shelters (3.89%) was significantly higher than that with shelters (2.14%) (χ²=481.061, P < 0.001). The main Culex breeding sites were wells and ditches; in residential areas, the proportions of the two breeding sites were 35.18% and 29.68%, respectively, with the positive rate higher in ditches (8.87%); and in outdoor environments, the breeding sites proportions were 52.96% and 38.34%, respectively, with the positive rate higher in hollows (11.57%). The average positive rate of fly breeding sites was 4.33%. The main fly breeding sites were garbage (61.42%), with a highest positive rate in animal matter (6.82%). Among fly breeding sites, the positive rate of covered habitats (4.09%) was significantly lower than that of uncovered habitats (4.58%) (χ²=4.744, P=0.029). Conclusions: Guangzhou had low densities of mosquitoes and flies but abundant breeding sites in March 2024. The breeding sites of mosquitoes and flies differs by environmental type, and sheltering or covering can reduce their breeding. Control measures should be formulated according to the breeding sites of mosquitoes and flies.

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各区疾病预防控制中心和街（镇）对本监测工作给予支持，特此志谢