目的 探索安徽省合肥市主城区病媒生物密度高峰期的空间分布特征和以街道为尺度的空间聚集性，为优化病媒生物防制措施及媒介生物传染病防控提供参考依据。方法 收集2024年合肥市主城区病媒生物密度高峰期的监测数据，绘制专题地图，并采用普通克里金插值和空间自相关分析对病媒生物密度的空间分布特征进行分析。结果 合肥市主城区鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊的平均密度分别为0.91%、3.50只/（灯·夜）、4.54只/笼和0.05只/张。鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊插值的决定系数（R2）分别为0.78、0.86、0.71和0.66，相应的均方根误差分别为0.24、0.28、0.28和0.53。对应的普通克里金插值结果为0.03%～3.22%、0.04～13.80只/（灯·夜）、0.33～11.05只/笼和0.00～0.14只/张，插值结果均较实际监测值范围变窄，但两者分布基本一致。主城区鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊密度呈空间正相关，Moran's I指数分别为0.51、0.35、0.21和0.42（均Ｚ>0，P<0.01）。病媒生物密度高-高聚集区涉及的16个街道主要分布在东北部，低-低聚集区覆盖的24个街道形成从北部、中部到东南部的连片区域。结论 主城区病媒生物密度高峰期处于较低水平。不同病媒生物密度的空间分布不均匀，整体呈现东高西低、北高南低的空间格局，存在以街道为尺度的空间聚集性。应制定突出重点、差异化的可持续性控制措施，并关注重点区域媒介生物传染病的风险。
Objective To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial aggregation at subdistrict scale of vector density during peak period in the main urban area of Hefei, Anhui Province, China, so as to provide a reference for optimization of vector control measures and prevention and control of vector-borne infectious diseases. Methods The surveillance data of vector density during the peak period in 2024 were collected for the main urban area of Hefei. The data were plotted in thematic maps. Ordinary Kriging interpolation and spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of vector density. Results The average densities of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches in the main urban area of Hefei were 0.91%, 3.50 mosquitoes/lamp·night, 4.54 flies/cage, and 0.05 cockroaches/trapping paper, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2) for the interpolated densities of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches were 0.78, 0.86, 0.71, and 0.66, respectively. The corresponding root mean square errors were 0.24, 0.28, 0.28, and 0.53, respectively. The densities obtained by ordinary Kriging interpolation were 0.03%-3.22%, 0.04-13.80 mosquitoes/lamp·night, 0.33-11.05 flies/cage, and 0.00-0.14 cockroaches/trapping paper. The ranges of interpolated densities were narrower than those of the actual surveillance values, but the distributions were generally consistent. The spatial distributions of densities of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches showed positive correlations, with Moran's I indexes of 0.51, 0.35, 0.21, and 0.42, respectively (all Z>0, P<0.01). The 16 subdistricts covered by the "high-high" aggregation areas of vector density were mainly distributed in the northeastern region, and the 24 subdistricts covered by the "low-low" aggregation areas formed a contiguous zone spanning the northern, central, and southeastern regions. Conclusions Vector density during peak period was relatively low in the main urban area of Hefei. The densities of different vectors showed uneven spatial distributions, and an overall spatial pattern of high in the east and north and low in the west and south. Spatial aggregation was observed at the subdistricts scale. Sustainable and differentiated control measures should be developed, with a focus on key areas at risk for vector-borne diseases.
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