目的 了解广东省消毒与病媒生物防制专业队伍的知识水平和薄弱环节,为进一步强化队伍专业技能建设、制定靶向式培训策略提供参考。方法 以2023年广东省首届消毒与病媒生物防制职业技能竞赛为素材,根据21个地市105名参赛选手的理论测试和技能操作得分情况,分析不同地区、不同性质机构、不同学科领域及知识点的得分差异。使用WPS 2019软件进行数据录入及整理,SPSS 26.0进行统计分析。方差齐性检验采用Levene检验,均值的比较采用t检验、单因素方差分析及重复测量方差分析,相关性分析采用Pearson相关性分析。结果 21支队伍的理论测试得分平均为59.70分,技能操作平均得分45.37分,理论测试得分高于技能操作得分（t=8.097,P<0.001）。将理论测试按照不同地区分组比较,不同地区得分差异有统计学意义（F=12.436,P<0.001）,珠三角地区得分高于粤东、粤西、粤北3个地区；按照不同性质机构分组比较,疾病预防控制机构理论测试成绩高于有害生物防制机构（t=2.982,P=0.004）；将理论测试分为消毒与感染控制和病媒生物防制2个学科领域6类知识点进行比较,其中消毒领域的现场消毒技术得分最高,消毒领域的消毒药物及评价得分最低,6类知识点得分差异有统计学意义（F=58.570,P<0.001）。理论测试的2个学科领域得分具有显著相关性（r=0.570,P<0.001）。60.95%选手的2个学科领域得分较均衡；39.05%选手存在“偏科”的情况。对5组技能操作得分进行比较,其中药械得分最高,病媒生物鉴别得分最低,5组得分差异有统计学意义（F=6.246,P<0.001）。结论 广东省消毒与病媒生物防制专业队伍理论知识覆盖面不足,尤其是消毒领域的消毒与药物评价；技能操作存在薄弱项,如病媒生物监测与鉴别、规划与评价能力；未来应根据各地区、不同机构的知识结构及需求和薄弱项开展针对性培训。
Objective To evaluate the knowledge level and identify areas of weakness in the professional teams responsible for disinfection and vector control in Guangdong Province, China, so as to provide a reference for enhancing professional skill development and formulating targeted training strategies. Methods Theoretical and on-site operation scores of 105 contestants from 21 cities in the first Disinfection and Vector Control Professional Skill Competition held in Guangdong Province in 2023 were used for analysis of differences in scores across different regions, types of institutions, subjects, and knowledge areas. Data entry and processing were performed using WPS 2019 software. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Homogeneity of variance were tested using the Levene's test. Comparison of means was made using t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Correlation analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The mean score for the theoretical test was 59.70 and the mean score for on-site operation was 45.37. The theoretical test scores were significantly higher than on-site operation scores （t=8.097,P<0.001）. Moreover,the differences in scores across various regions are statistically significant （F=12.436,P<0.001）. The Pearl River Delta region exhibited significantly higher theoretical test scores compared to the eastern,western,and northern regions of Guangdong Province. Additionally,disease control and prevention institutions achieved significantly higher theoretical test scores than pest control operation institutions （t =2.982,P=0.004）. The theoretical test is divided into six knowledge areas in two academic fields：disinfection and infection control and vector control. Scores on the theoretical test are compared separately within each field and knowledge area. Among these,on-site disinfection technology scored the highest while disinfection drugs and evaluation scored the lowest,and the score differences across the six knowledge areas were statistically significant （F=58.570,P <0.001）. There was a significant correlation between the scores of the two subject fields of the theoretical test （r=0.570,P<0.001）. Furthermore,60.95% of the contestants had balanced scores in the two subjects while 39.05% of contestants showed biased scores. In terms of scores for the five skill groups of on-site operations,equipment had the highest score whereas vector identification had the lowest score,the score differences among the five skill groups were statistically significant （F=6.246,P<0.001）. Conclusions There is an insufficient coverage of theoretical knowledge in professional teams of disinfection and vector control in Guangdong Province, particularly in disinfection and drug evaluation in the disinfection field. Weaknesses are identified in on-site operations such as vector surveillance and identification as well as programming and evaluation capabilities. Targeted training should be conducted based on the knowledge structures, needs, and weaknesses of different regions and institutions.
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