海南多口岸2023年小型兽类及其携带病原监测结果分析

陈琦, 王强, 郁施伟, 伋自翔, 王崇财, 田桢干

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2025.01.019

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2025 , Vol. 36 >Issue 1: 106 - 115

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2025.01.019

调查研究

海南多口岸2023年小型兽类及其携带病原监测结果分析

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1. 南京医科大学公共卫生学院, 江苏南京 211166;
2. 上海国际旅行卫生保健中心(上海海关口岸门诊部), 上海 200335;
3. 同济大学, 上海 201619;
4. 海南国际旅行卫生保健中心(海口海关口岸门诊部), 海南海口 570311

陈琦,女,在读硕士,公共卫生专业,E-mail:chenqi19990528@163.com

收稿日期: 2024-05-11

网络出版日期: 2025-03-05

基金资助

上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划（2023－2025年）重点学科（GWⅥ-11.1-13）；上海市科委项目“海南自由贸易港病媒生物（鼠形动物）监测数字化平台建立与示范应用”（22015810600）

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Surveillance and analysis of small mammals and their pathogens at multiple ports in Hainan Province, China, in 2023

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1. School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China;
2. Shanghai International Travel and Health Care Center, Shanghai 200335, China;
3. Tongji University, Shanghai 201619, China;
4. Hainan International Travel and Health Care Center, Haikou, Hainan 570311, China

Received date: 2024-05-11

Online published: 2025-03-05

Supported by

The Sixth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai (No. GWⅥ-11.1-13);Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Project "Establishment of Digital Platform for Monitoring Vector Organisms (Rodentia) in Hainan Free Trade Port and Demonstration Application" (No. 22015810600)

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摘要

目的了解海南多个口岸小型兽类（小兽）的种类构成及其携带病原体情况,为当地鼠源性疾病的风险评估提供基础数据,为海南省的灭鼠防病工作提供科学依据。方法应用传统笼与智能笼于2023年8－9月在海南5个口岸开展小兽监测。应用PCR和反转录PCR（RT-PCR）法,对采集到的小兽样本开展汉坦病毒、巴尔通体、鼠疫耶尔森菌等8种病原体检测。采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法比较小兽密度及小兽携带病原体阳性率差异。结果 5个口岸捕获小兽2科3属5种共43只,其中传统笼捕获31只,智能笼捕获12只,2种捕鼠工具捕获率差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.712,P=0.399）；臭鼩（60.46%）和黄胸鼠（20.93%）为优势种。5个口岸中,三亚机场和海口港小兽密度最高,洋浦港和博鳌机场次之,马村港最低。共检出5种病原体,总阳性率为11.63%（5/43）,其中,汉坦病毒（均为汉城型）和钩端螺旋体阳性率均为4.65%,巴尔通体、博卡病毒和嗜吞噬细胞无形体阳性率均为2.33%。2只小兽体内检测到多种病原体。结论智能与传统鼠笼捕获量相比无显著差异,智能化程度有待进一步提高；海南口岸小兽病原体携带率较高,需密切关注当地小兽密度和携带病原体情况变化,加强周期性监测及风险评估。

关键词： 口岸; 小型兽类; 监测; 鼠源疾病

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陈琦, 王强, 郁施伟, 伋自翔, 王崇财, 田桢干 . 海南多口岸2023年小型兽类及其携带病原监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2025 , 36(1) : 106 -115 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2025.01.019

Abstract

Objective To investigate the species composition of small mammals and their carrying pathogens at several ports in Hainan Province, China, so as to provide basic data for the risk assessment of local rodent borne diseases and scientific basis for rodent control and disease prevention at five ports in Hainan Province. Methods Small mammal surveilance was carried out in five ports in August and September 2023 using traditional cage and intelligent cage methods. PCR and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were applied to detect eight pathogens such as Hantavirus, Bartonella, and Yersinia pestis in the captured small mammals. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare the differences in density and the positive rate of pathogens of small mammals. Results A total of 43 small mammals in 5 species of 3 genera of 2 families were captured. Of these, 31 were captured using the traditional cage method and 12 using the intelligent cage method. The difference in capture rate between the two methods was not statistically significant (χ²=0.712, P=0.399). Suncus murinus (60.46%) and Rattus tanezumi (20.93%) were the dominant species. Among the five port areas, Sanya and Haikou had the highest density of small mammals, followed by Yangpu and Bo'ao, and Macun port had the lowest small mammal density. A total of five pathogens were detected, with an overall positive rate of 11.63% (5/43). The positive rates of Hantavirus (both Seoul-type) and Leptospira were 4.65%, and those of Bartonella, Bocavirus, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were 2.33%. Multiple pathogens were detected in two small mammals. Conclusions There is no significant difference in the capture rate between the traditional cage and intelligent cage methods, indicating that the level of intelligence requires further improvement. The rate of small mammals carrying pathogens is high in the port areas of Hainan Province, highlighting the need for paying close attention to changes in local small mammal density and pathogen infection and strengthening the periodic surveillance and risk assessment.

Key words： Port; Small mammal; Surveillance; Rodent-borne disease

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