目的 以餐饮服务场所为例,分析蟑螂综合防制的效果以及各个环节投入成本,为蟑螂防制策略及成本控制提供参考。方法 在86.5 m2餐饮服务场所（含厨房和餐厅）,采用综合防制策略（IPM）,综合使用抗药性评估（玻璃瓶法）、密度监测（粘捕法）、环境治理、物理防治、化学防治和健康教育等手段,连续监测蟑螂密度变化并记录各项成本（人力、药剂、耗材、设备等）投入。采用Excel 2021软件对数据进行分析和描述。结果 4种喷洒类杀虫剂处理中,德国小蠊种群的死亡率均≥90.00%。防制过程历时4周,包括6次密度监测和4次综合防制,防制前蟑螂密度为43.50只/（张·夜）,每周防制1次,第1～3周密度分别下降至6.50、3.50和0.50只/（张·夜）,第4周密度降为0只/（张·夜）,并在后续5个月内一直保持为0只/（张·夜）。防制成本总计1 723.22元（折合19.92元/m2）,其中人工成本最高,为1 470.00元,占总成本的85.31%,第1次综合防制包含环境治理,人工成本占总人工成本的64.29%；其次是化学防治杀虫剂,占总成本的6.59%。结论 餐饮服务场所中进行蟑螂防制,尤其是其密度较高时,以环境治理为基础的IPM防制策略可实现快速、持久的灭蟑效果,尽管前期人工成本投入较高,但后期成本会降低至单纯进行化学防治相近的水平,是一种环境友好的可持续控制策略。
Objective To analyze the effect of integrated cockroach control and the cost of each component in a catering service environment, so as to provide a reference for cockroach control strategy and cost control. Methods In a catering service environment (86.5 m2, including kitchen and dining room), integrated pest management (IPM) in combination with insecticide resistance assessment (glass bottle method), density surveillance (sticky trapping method), environmental management, physical control, chemical control, and health education were used. Then the cockroach density changes were continuously monitored and the cost of each component (labor, insecticides, consumables, equipment, etc.) was recorded. Excel 2021 software was used for data analysis and description. Results Under four spray-type insecticides treatments, all the mortality rates of Blattella germanica exceeded 90.00%. This control process lasted 4 weeks, including 6 times of density surveillance and 4 times of integrated control. The density was 43.50 cockroaches/night·trap before control. The control was conducted once a week. The density declined to 6.50, 3.50, and 0.50 cockroaches/night·trap at weeks 1-3, respectively. Then the density declined to zero at week 4 and remained at zero in the following five months. The costs of this control totaled 1 723.22 yuan (equivalent to 19.92 yuan/m2). The labor cost was the highest, amounting to 1 470.00 yuan and accounting for 85.31% of the total cost. The labor cost during the first integrated control, which included comprehensive environmental management, accounted for 64.29% of the total labor cost. Chemical control insecticides cost ranked second, which accounted for 6.59% of the total cost. Conclusions For cockroach control in the catering service environment, especially with a high cockroach density, IPM strategy based on environmental management can achieve rapid and long-lasting cockroach control. Despite the high labor cost in the early stage, the cost in the later stage will decrease to a level similar to that of chemical control alone. This is an environmentally friendly and sustainable control strategy.
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