目的 调查三峡库区重庆段小兽5种鼠传病原体的携带情况,为库区鼠源疾病防控提供科学指导。方法 2022－2023年,在三峡库区重庆段居住区、耕作地及重点行业3类生境使用夹（笼）夜法捕获小型兽类,提取肝、脾、肾组织的核酸样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测鼠疫耶尔森菌、巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、钩端螺旋体（钩体）、恙虫病东方体；采集心脏血,采用血清学方法检测血清中鼠疫F1抗体、伯氏疏螺旋体IgG抗体、钩体血清抗体。运用Excel 2016和SPSS 22.0软件进行数据整理分析,病原体感染率的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法进行统计分析。结果 共捕获小型兽类10种361只,黄胸鼠和褐家鼠为优势鼠种,占比分别为53.46%和12.47%。动物肝、肾、脾组织检测结果显示,钩体阳性9份（2.50%）、巴尔通体阳性17份（4.71%）,未检出鼠疫耶尔森菌、伯氏疏螺旋体、恙虫病东方体。小兽病原体总感染率为6.65%；黄胸鼠存在钩体和巴尔通体复合感染,复合感染率为0.55%。动物血清抗体检测结果显示,伯氏疏螺旋体IgG抗体阳性2份（0.80%）,钩体血清抗体阳性4份（1.59%）；鼠疫F1抗体均为阴性。结论 三峡库区重庆段小兽存在钩体、巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体的感染,应加强三峡库区重庆段小兽携带鼠传病原体监测,积极开展鼠类防控工作,保障当地人群公共健康。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of five rodent-borne pathogens in small mammals in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China, so as to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in the region. Methods From 2022 to 2023, small mammals were captured using the night snap (cage) trapping method in residential areas, cultivated lands, and key industries in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were collected to extract nucleic acids for the detection of Yersinia pestis, Bartonella, Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira, and Orientia tsutsugamushi using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Blood samples from the heart were collected to detect Y.pestis F1 antibody, B. burgdorferi IgG antibody, and Leptospira serum antibody using serological methods. Excel 2016 and the SPSS 22.0 softwares were used for data processing and analysis. The pathogen infection rates of small mammals were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 361 small mammals belonging to 10 species were captured, with Rattus tanezumi and R. norvegicus being the dominant species, accounting for 53.46% and 12.47%, respectively. Detection of liver, spleen, and kidney tissues showed that 9 samples (2.50%) were positive for Leptospira and 17 samples (4.71%) were positive for Bartonella. No samples tested positive for Y. pestis, B. burgdorferi, or O. tsutsugamushi. The overall pathogen infection rates of small mammals were 6.65%. Co-infection of Leptospira and Bartonella was detected in R. tanezumi, and the co-infection rate was 0.55%. Animal serum antibody test results showed that 2 samples (0.80%) were positive for B. burgdorferi IgG antibody, 4 samples (1.59%) were positive for Leptospira antibody, and no samples were positive for Y. pestis F1 antibody. Conclusions Small mammals in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area carry a variety of pathogens including Leptospira, Bartonella, and B. burgdorferi. Surveillance of rodent-borne pathogens carried by small mammals in this region should be enhanced and rodent prevention and control measures should be actively implemented to safeguard the public health of local residents.
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