目的 掌握山东省烟台市寄生蜱和游离蜱的季节消长规律,为蜱及蜱媒传染病防制规划制定及控制提供科学依据。方法 2021－2023年3－10月,在烟台市9个区（市）采用人工布旗法在野外采集游离蜱,采用体表检蜱法收集家养动物（牛、羊、犬）体表寄生蜱,获取2021－2023年蜱月分布资料,用圆形分布法分析游离蜱和寄生蜱高峰日和高峰期,并分别分析游离蜱在不同生境及寄生蜱在不同宿主动物的高峰日和高峰期。结果 烟台市2021－2023年各类生境游离蜱和各类宿主寄生蜱γ值为0.594～0.908,且P<0.05,均有明显的季节性。游离蜱季节消长的高峰日为7月16日,高峰期为5月18日－9月13日；寄生蜱季节消长的高峰日为7月6日,高峰期为5月14日－8月28日。农村外环境和景区游离蜱的高峰日分别为7月17日和6月18日,高峰期分别为5月19日－9月15日和5月17日－7月21日。牛、羊、犬（农村）、犬（城镇）体表寄生蜱季节性消长的高峰日分别为9月19日、7月5日、7月14日、7月1日,高峰期分别为8月24日－10月14日、5月13日－8月26日、5月18日－9月8日、6月1日－7月31日。结论 烟台市游离蜱和寄生蜱分布具有季节性规律,在蜱防制工作中应充分考虑其分布的季节特点,采取有针对性的防制措施。应根据蜱密度变化情况,做好个人防护,减少接触机会,并进行科学灭蜱,降低蜱传疾病的发病率。
Objective To investigate the seasonal variation of on-host and questing ticks in Yantai, Shandong Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the control planning development and the control and prevention of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Methods From March to October in 2021-2023, questing ticks were collected in the wild by the tick drag-flag method in nine districts (cities) of Yantai, and on-host ticks on the body surface of domesticated animals (cattle, sheep, and dog) were collected by tick detection method. The monthly distribution data of ticks in 2021-2023 were obtained and analyzed with the circular distribution method for the peak days and peak periods of questing ticks in different habitats and on-host ticks in different host animals. Results The γ values of questing ticks in various habitats and on-host ticks in various hosts in Yantai ranged from 0.594 to 0.908 (P<0.05), showing obvious seasonality. The peak period of seasonal variation in questing ticks appeared from May 18 to September 13, with the peak day on July 16, and that in on-host ticks appeared from May 14 to August 28, with the peak day on July 6. The peak periods of seasonal variation in questing ticks from rural external environment rural areas and scenic areas appeared from May 19 to September 15 and May 17 to July 21, with the peak days on July 17 and June 18, respectively, and those in on-host ticks on the body surface of cattle, sheep, dogs (rural areas), and dogs (urban areas) appeared from August 24 to October 14, May 13 to August 26, May 18 to September 8, and June 1 to July 31, with the peak days on September 19, July 5, July 14, and July 1, respectively. Conclusions Questing and on-host ticks in Yantai show a seasonal distribution. The seasonal characteristics of questing and on-host ticks should be fully considered in the control of ticks, with targeted control measures being taken. According to the changes in tick density, personal protection should be done to minimize exposure, and scientific tick extermination should be carried out to reduce the incidence of tick-borne diseases.
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