目的 分析内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）布氏田鼠鼠疫疫源地（布氏田鼠疫源地）内动物鼠疫流行特点,为制定鼠疫防控策略提供科学依据。方法 收集2013－2022年内蒙古布氏田鼠疫源地内监测数据,计算布氏田鼠密度、夜行鼠捕获率、媒介染蚤率、病原学和血清学阳性率、年度变化百分比,采用Joinpoint regression prongram 3.4.3软件的joinpoint回归分析对鼠密度、捕获率、染蚤率做趋势分析。结果 2013－2022年内蒙古布氏田鼠疫源地内布氏田鼠平均密度为2.36只/hm2,鼠密度呈下降趋势,APC=-21.69%,趋势分析各年密度差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.133,P=0.014）；夜行鼠平均捕获率为1.27%,夜行鼠捕获率有下降趋势,APC=-4.75%,年度差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.136,P=0.289）；布氏田鼠平均染蚤率为33.96%,蚤指数为0.86,染蚤率略有下降趋势,APC=-5.48%,年度差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.292,P=0.233）；病原学检验各种宿主动物共19 593只,检出染疫动物6只,均为长爪沙鼠,阳性率0.03%。结论 布氏田鼠疫源地内布氏田鼠数量和分布呈现下降趋势,长爪沙鼠鼠疫流行处于活跃期,今后需做好常规监测,及时发现并控制动物疫情,有效降低动物间鼠疫流行强度和人间鼠疫感染风险。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in the plague foci of Lasiopodomys brandtii in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia), China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of plague prevention and control strategies. Methods The surveillance data in the plague foci of L. brandtii in Inner Mongolia during 2013-2022 were collected. The density of L. brandtii, capture rate of nocturnal rodents, flea infestation rate of vectors, etiological and serological positive rates, and annual percentage change (APC) were calculated. The joinpoint regression analysis of Joinpoint regression program 3.4.3 software was used for trend analysis of density, capture rate, and flea infestation rate. Results During 2013-2022, the mean density of L. brandtii in the plague foci of L. brandtii in Inner Mongolia was 2.36 inds/hm2, and the density showed a decreasing trend and an APC of -21.69%, with a significant difference in annual densities as shown by the trend analysis (Z=-3.133, P=0.014). The mean capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 1.27%, and the capture rate showed a decreasing trend and an APC of -4.75%, with no significant annual difference (Z=-1.136, P=0.289). The mean flea infestation rate of L. brandtii was 33.96%, with a flea index of 0.86, and the flea infestation rate showed a decreasing trend and an APC of -5.48%, with no significant annual difference (Z=-1.292, P=0.233). A total of 19 593 host animals were examined etiologically, and 6 animals tested positive for Yersiniapestis, all of whom were Meriones unguiculatus, showing a positive rate of 0.03%. Conclusions The number and distribution of L. brandtii showed a decreasing trend in the plague foci of L. brandtii, and the plague epidemic of M. unguiculatus was in an active stage. Routine surveillance should be strengthened to detect and control the animal epidemic in time and effectively reduce the epidemic strength of animal plague and the risk of human plague infection.
[1] Liu JY, Zhang WR. Inner Mongolia plague[M]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1997:82-149. (in Chinese)刘纪有, 张万荣. 内蒙古鼠疫[M]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社, 1997:82-149.
[2] Fan MG, Li JY, Yu RP, et al. Epidemiological investigation of animal plague in Lasiopodomys brandtii plague foci in China:Discovery of Mongolian gerbil plague[J]. Chin J Endemiol, 2014, 33(5):522-525. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2014.05.013.(in Chinese)范蒙光, 李建云, 尉瑞平, 等. 我国布氏田鼠型鼠疫疫源地动物鼠疫流行病学调查:发现长爪沙鼠型鼠疫[J]. 中华地方病学杂志, 2014, 33(5):522-525. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2014.05.013.
[3] Fang XY. Natural plague foci in China[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 1990:217-218. (in Chinese)方喜业. 中国鼠疫自然疫源地[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 1990:217-218.
[4] Cong XB, Liu ZC. Plague and its control in China (2001-2010)[M]. Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press, 2014:370-371. (in Chinese)丛显斌, 刘振才. 中国鼠疫及其防治(2001-2010)[M]. 长春:吉林科学技术出版社, 2014:370-371.
[5] Liu FS, Xue PM, Huang XP, et al. An analysis of plague monitoring results in Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2013-2022[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2023, 34(5):633-636. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.009.(in Chinese)刘福生, 薛培苗, 黄喜平, 等. 内蒙古乌海市2013-2022年鼠疫监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(5):633-636. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.009.
[6] Cong XB, Liu ZC, Li Q. Natural plague foci in China (1950-2014)[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 2019:1473. (in Chinese)丛显斌, 刘振才, 李群. 中国鼠疫自然疫源地(1950-2014)[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2019:1473.
[7] Xu L, Fang XY, Zhou DS, et al. The evolutionary dynamics and the ecological niche of natural plague foci in China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2015, 26(3):228-232. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.03.003.(in Chinese)许磊, 方喜业, 周冬生, 等. 中国鼠疫自然疫源地的演化动态及环境生态位的生物学特征[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2015, 26(3):228-232. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.03.003.
[8] Wu J. Quantitative changes and epidemiological significance of main fleas parasitized in the Lasiopodomys brandtii plague foci[J]. Chin J Ctrl Endem Dis, 1996, 11(4):238-239. (in Chinese)武杰. 布氏田鼠主要寄生蚤数量变动及流行病学意义[J]. 中国地方病防治杂志, 1996, 11(4):238-239.
[9] Zhang L, Wei XH, Chang N, et al. Composition of parasitic fleas on rodents and spatiotemporal distribution of flea index in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, 2012-2021[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2023, 34(1):82-90. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.015.(in Chinese)张璐, 韦晓慧, 常楠, 等. 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟2012-2021年鼠类寄生蚤构成和蚤指数时空分布特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(1):82-90. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.015.
[10] Feng YL, Li JY, Zhang DY, et al. Spatial distribution of rodent fleas in the plague foci of Ordos, China, 2014-2022[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control, 2023, 34(5):703-707. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.021.(in Chinese)冯一兰, 李建云, 张大禹, 等. 鄂尔多斯鼠疫疫源地2014-2022年鼠体蚤空间分布分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(5):703-707. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.021.
[11] 韩冰,刘慧杰,张大禹,等. 内蒙古自治区2018-2022年长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地动物间鼠疫流行病学调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学 及控 制杂 志,2023,34(5):697-702. DOI:10.11853/j. issn.1003.8280.2023.05.020. Han B,Liu HJ,Zhang DY,et al. An epidemiological survey of animal plague in Meriones unguiculatus plague foci of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China,2018-2022[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2023,34(5):697-702. DOI:10.11853/j. issn.1003.8280.2023.05.020(. in Chinese)
[12] 张亚楠,赵钢,张大禹,等. 2001-2013年内蒙古布氏田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地鼠疫监测结果分析[J]. 中华地方病学杂志,2015,34(10):765-768. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2015.10.016. Zhang YN,Zhao G,Zhang DY,et al. Analysis of monitoring results on plague of rats in Lasiopodomys brandtii plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2013[J]. Chin J Endemiol, 2015,34(10):765-768. DOI:10.3760/cma. j. issn. 2095- 4255.2015.10.016(. in Chinese)
[13] 张思远. 2005-2014年锡林郭勒盟鼠疫检测结果分析[J]. 中国地方病防治杂志,2019,34(3):303-304. Zhang SY. Analysis of plague detection results in Xilin Gol League from 2005 to 2014[J]. Chin J Ctrl Endem Dis,2019,34(3):303-304.(in Chinese)
[14] 张大禹,张鑫,萨如拉,等. 内蒙古自治区2021年鼠疫监测结果[J]. 中国地方病防治杂志,2022,37增刊:93-103. Zhang DY,Zhang X,Sa RL,et al. Plague surveillance results in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021[J]. Chin J Ctrl Endem Dis,2022,37 Suppl:93-103.(in Chinese)
