目的 分析内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地宿主动物和媒介蚤类的物种构成、密度及动物疫情流行特征,为制定鼠疫防控策略提供科学依据。方法 运用描述流行病学方法,对2013－2022年内蒙古达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地监测和疫情数据进行分析。采用Excel 2019软件对数据资料进行整理计算；SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。染蚤率的比较采用χ2检验；鼠密度和鼠体蚤的比较采用t检验；洞干蚤和巢蚤蚤指数的比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果 松辽平原地区捕获宿主动物20种61 756只；获蚤12种44 299匹；达乌尔黄鼠平均密度为0.45只/hm2。察哈尔丘陵地区捕获宿主动物19种14 096只；获蚤15种42 713匹；达乌尔黄鼠平均密度为2.26只/hm2。松辽平原地区未发生疫情。察哈尔丘陵地区在4个年度2个旗（区）发生动物疫情,分离到长爪沙鼠鼠疫菌4株、检出达乌尔黄鼠阳性血清2份。结论 松辽平原地区鼠疫流行暂处于静息状态。察哈尔丘陵地区鼠疫疫情活跃,沙鼠鼠疫和黄鼠鼠疫同时流行,疫情形势复杂。
Objective To analyze the species composition and dencity of host animals and vector fleas and the epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in the plague foci of Spermophilus dauricus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia), China, so as to provide scientific evidence for plague prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the surveillance and epidemic data in the plague foci of S. dauricus in Inner Mongolia from 2013 to 2022. Excel 2019 software was used for data collation and calculation, and SPSS 19.0 software for statistical analysis. The flea infestation rates were compared by the Chi-square test; the rodent density and the index of rodent body fleas were compared by the t test; the index of burrow fleas and nest fleas were compared by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results In Songliao Plain, a total of 61 756 individuals from 20 species of host animals were captured, with 44 299 individuals from 12 species of fleas obtained; the mean density of S. dauricus was 0.45 inds/hm2. In Qahar Hills, 14 096 individuals from 19 species of host animals were captured, with 42 713 individuals from 15 species of fleas obtained; the mean density of S. dauricus was 2.26 inds/hm2. No outbreaks occurred in Songliao Plain. Animal plague outbreaks occurred in two banners (districts) in Qahar Hills over the four years, with four strains of Yersinia pestis from Meriones unguiculatus isolated and two positive serum samples of S. dauricus detected. Conclusions The epizootic plague in Songliao Plain remains in a resting state at present, while that in Qahar Hills is active. M. unguiculatus plague and S. dauricus plague are prevalent simultaneously. The epidemic situation is complex.
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