山东省青岛市2006—2022年恙虫病流行特征分析

潘蓓, 董礼艳, 韩雅琳, 胡晓雯, 贾静, 吕坤政

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.06.009

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2024 , Vol. 35 >Issue 6: 676 - 680

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.06.009

媒介生物传染病

山东省青岛市2006—2022年恙虫病流行特征分析

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青岛市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制所, 青岛市预防医学研究院, 山东青岛 266000

潘蓓,女,副主任技师,主要从事传染病防控工作,E-mail:438347384@qq.com;董礼艳,女,副主任技师,主要从事传染病防控工作,E-mail:dly5721@sina.com

收稿日期: 2024-06-04

网络出版日期: 2024-12-20

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Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, 2006-2022

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Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Prevention Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China

Received date: 2024-06-04

Online published: 2024-12-20

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摘要

目的分析山东省青岛市报告的恙虫病病例的时间、地区和人群分布,为恙虫病疫情趋势研判与防控提供科学依据。方法收集2006－2022年青岛市恙虫病病例信息,应用Excel 2010和SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析,通过joinpoint回归分析、χ²检验分析恙虫病的发病率、三间分布特征及变化趋势。结果 2006－2022年,青岛市累计报告恙虫病病例1 112例,年均发病率为0.74/10万,无死亡病例报告；3－12月均有恙虫病病例报告,其中10－11月为报告发病高峰期,病例数占病例总数的96.13%；各年龄组均有发病,不同年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=1 266.119,P<0.001）,男性以60～<65岁年龄组发病数最多（93例）,女性以55～<60岁年龄组发病数最多（106例）；年平均发病率居前5位的市（区）为莱西市（2.42/10万）、即墨区（1.49/10万）、黄岛区（1.11/10万）、胶州市（0.58/10万）和平度市（0.40/10万）,不同市（区）报告发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=1 050.577,P<0.001）,职业分布以农民为主（85.16%）。结论 2006－2022年恙虫病发病有显著的地区性和季节性,农民是恙虫病发病的高风险人群。建议针对重点地区重点人群开展恙虫病预防控制健康宣传教育,多效并举加强恙虫病媒介生物与宿主动物的监测,采取有效措施控制感染水平。

关键词： 恙虫病; 流行病学特征; 监测; 影响因素

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潘蓓, 董礼艳, 韩雅琳, 胡晓雯, 贾静, 吕坤政 . 山东省青岛市2006—2022年恙虫病流行特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024 , 35(6) : 676 -680 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.06.009

Abstract

Objective To analyze the time, regional, and population distribution of scrub typhus cases reported in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of scrub typhus in the future. Methods The information on scrub typhus cases in Qingdao from 2006 to 2022 was collected and statistically analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 22.0 softwares. The incidence rate as well as characteristics and variation trends of time, regional, and population distribution of scrub typhus were analyzed by the joinpoint regression and Chi-square test. Results From 2006 to 2022, 1 112 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Qingdao, with an average annual incidence of 0.74/100 000, and no death cases were reported. Scrub typhus cases were reported from March to December, of which October and November were the peak months of reported incidence, with cases accounting for 96.13% of the total cases. Scrub typhus cases were reported in all age groups, with a significant difference in the incidence rate (χ²=1 266.119, P<0.001). Males in the 60-<65 years old group (93 cases) and females in the 55-<60 years old group (106 cases) had the highest cases reported. The top five cities (districts) in average annual incidence were Laixi City (2.42/100 000), Jimo District (1.49/100 000), Huangdao District (1.11/100 000), Jiaozhou City (0.58/100 000), and Pingdu City (0.40/100 000), with a significant difference in the reported incidence (χ²=1 050.577, P<0.001). Farmer (85.16%) was ranked the first in occupation for scrub typhus infection. Conclusions The incidence of scrub typhus in Qingdao from 2006 to 2022 presents significant regional and seasonal variations. Farmers are at high risk of scrub typhus. It is suggested that extensive health education about scrub typhus prevention and control should be carried out for key populations in key areas, and multiple effective measures should be taken to strengthen the surveillance of vectors and host animals and control the infection level of scrub typhus.

Key words： Scrub typhus; Epidemiological characteristic; Surveillance; Influencing factor

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