山东省烟台市长角血蜱携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体调查研究

赵颖珠, 李春辉, 刘成娟, 王婷, 张慧敏, 肖龙杰, 王学军, 郭培军

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.05.014

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2024 , Vol. 35 >Issue 5: 587 - 592

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.05.014

调查研究

山东省烟台市长角血蜱携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体调查研究

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1. 滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院, 山东烟台 264000;
2. 烟台市疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制科, 山东烟台 264003;
3. 山东省疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制所, 山东济南 250013

赵颖珠,女,在读硕士,主要从事传染病媒介生物研究,E-mail:zhaoyingzhu2021@163.com;李春辉,女,副主任医师,主要从事消毒与病媒生物防治研究工作,E-mail:lichunhui2015@163.com

收稿日期: 2024-11-24

网络出版日期: 2024-10-18

基金资助

山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(202112070223);烟台市医疗卫生重点学科项目(2020)

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An investigation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum carried by Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yantai, Shandong Province, China

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1. School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China;
2. Department of Disinfection and Vector Control and Prevention, Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China;
3. Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China

Received date: 2024-11-24

Online published: 2024-10-18

Supported by

General Projects of Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong (No. 202112070223); Yantai Medical and Health Key Discipline Project (2020)

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摘要

目的了解山东省烟台市长角血蜱携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体的情况,为烟台市防控人粒细胞无形体病、降低蜱危害提供相关科学依据。方法于2021年4—10月在烟台市牟平区、开发区、蓬莱区、海阳市、栖霞市、招远市、莱州市等地开展蜱监测,采用体表检蜱法和布旗法分别采集家畜体表的寄生蜱和野外环境中的游离蜱。采用巢式PCR法对采集的长角血蜱进行嗜吞噬细胞无形体检测,SPSS 22.0软件对不同组间阳性率进行χ²检验。结果共捕获1 698只蜱,均为长角血蜱,其中寄生蜱1 097只,游离蜱601只。将采集的913只寄生蜱与游离蜱按不同地区、不同来源和发育阶段及有无吸血进行分组,提取DNA,获得413份样本,共检出13份嗜吞噬细胞无形体核酸阳性样本,阳性检出率为3.15%,最小感染率1.42%；其中寄生蜱检测出11份阳性样本,包括2份犬源蜱样本和9份羊源蜱样本；游离蜱检测出2份阳性样本。寄生蜱阳性样本均为成蜱,游离蜱阳性样本中,1份为幼蜱,1份为成蜱；不同来源蜱样本阳性率的差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.722,P=0.423）。开发区、莱州市寄生蜱中分别检出3份和6份阳性样本,蓬莱区游离蜱中检出1份阳性样本,招远市则在2份寄生蜱和1份游离蜱样本中检出阳性,不同市（区）之间蜱样本阳性率的差异有统计学意义（χ²=11.468,P=0.038）。结论长角血蜱作为烟台市的优势蜱种,且多个市（区）不同来源的长角血蜱存在嗜吞噬细胞无形体感染,潜在致病风险较高,应加强蜱生态学监测及相关病原体检测,为人粒细胞无形体病防控提供科学依据。

关键词： 长角血蜱; 嗜吞噬细胞无形体; 病原体

本文引用格式

赵颖珠, 李春辉, 刘成娟, 王婷, 张慧敏, 肖龙杰, 王学军, 郭培军 . 山东省烟台市长角血蜱携带嗜吞噬细胞无形体调查研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024 , 35(5) : 587 -592 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.05.014

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yantai, Shandong Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of human granulocytic anaplasmosis and the dangers of ticks in Yantai. Methods Tick surveillance was carried out in Muping District, Yantai economic and technological development zone (development zone), Penglai District, Haiyang City, Qixia City, Zhaoyuan City, and Laizhou City of Yantai from April to October in 2021. On-host ticks were collected from domestic animals through body surface inspection and questing ticks in the field environment were collected using the flagging method. Nested PCR was used to detect A. phagocytophilum in H. longicornis specimens. SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform the Chi-square test to compare the positive rates of different groups. Results A total of 1 698 ticks (1 097 on-host ticks and 601 questing ticks) were captured, all belonging to H. longicornis. DNA was extracted from 913 ticks grouped by region, source, developmental stage, and whether they were engorged. Among the obtained 413 DNA samples, 13 were positive for the nucleic acid of A. phagocytophilum, with a positive rate of 3.15% and a minimum infection rate of 1.42%; and of the 13 positive samples, 11 were from adult on-host ticks (2 from dogs and 9 from sheep), and the other 2 were from questing ticks (1 from larvae and 1 from adults). There was no significant difference in the positive rates of ticks from different hosts (χ²=1.722, P=0.423). By region, 3 and 6 positive samples were detected in the on-host ticks in the development zone and Laizhou City, 1 positive sample was detected in the free ticks in Penglai District, and 3 positive samples （2 from on-host ticks and 1 from free ticks） were detected in Zhaoyuan City. There was a significant difference in the positive rates of ticks from different regions （χ²=11.468, P=0.038）. Conclusions H. longicornis, the dominant tick species in Yantai, from different host sources in various districts/cities have an infection with A. phagocytophilum, indicating a high pathogenic risk from human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Tick surveillance and pathogen detection should be strengthened to inform the prevention and control of human granulocytic anaplasmosis.

Key words： Haemaphysalis longicornis; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Pathogen

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