目的 掌握宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市家蝇对3种常用杀虫剂的抗性水平及其变化情况,初步分析原因,为制定科学、合理、有效的蝇类防治措施提供依据。方法 2020和2023年采用点滴法对雌性家蝇进行抗药性测定,通过DPS 18.10软件对数据处理得到半数致死剂量（LD50）、回归方程和抗性倍数,并与2016年抗药性水平数据比较；通过现场查看及询问填表的方式获取2019、2021和2022年石嘴山市零售和集中采购卫生杀虫剂的使用情况,并对所获得的数据进行描述性统计分析。结果 石嘴山市2020年家蝇对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和残杀威的抗性倍数分别为24.70、144.72和2.66,2023年抗性倍数分别为37.65、25.89和6.07倍；2016、2020、2023年家蝇对残杀威抗性水平为低抗,对高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯均为高抗,对高效氯氰菊酯抗性倍数总体呈现升高趋势,对溴氰菊酯和残杀威抗性倍数总体呈现下降趋势。石嘴山市2019、2021和2022年共使用16种杀虫剂防制家蝇,其中以拟除虫菊酯类为主,各年使用种类分别占总杀虫剂种类的66.66%、41.67%和42.86%；按使用量统计,拟除虫菊酯类每年使用量最大,各年使用量分别占总用量的82.31%、36.36%和59.08%。结论 石嘴山市家蝇对高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和残杀威均产生不同程度的抗性,与3类杀虫剂在本地的使用情况一致。建议选择与上述3种杀虫剂无交互抗性的其他类型杀虫剂轮换使用,以延缓家蝇抗药性发展。
Objective To investigate the resistance of Musca domestica to three commonly used insecticides and the changes in Shizuishan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, and analyze the reasons, so as to provide a basis for the development of scientific, rational, and effective fly control measures. Methods The topical application method was used to determine the resistance levels of M. domestica to insecticides in 2020 and 2023. The median lethal dose (LD50), regression equation, and resistance ratio were calculated with the use of DPS 18.10 software, and were compared with the resistance data of 2016. The information on the usage of insecticides (retail and centralized procurement) in Shizuishan in 2019, 2021, and 2022 was obtained through on-the-spot inspection and enquiry, and descriptive analysis was performed on the data. Results The resistance ratios of M. demestica to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and propoxur in Shizuishan were 24.70, 144.72, and 2.66 in 2020, respectively, and the resistance ratios were 37.65, 25.89, and 6.07 in 2023, respectively. In 2016, 2020 and 2023, M. domestica was lowly resistant to propoxur and highly resistant to beta-cypermethrin and deltamethrin; and the resistance ratio for beta-cypermethrin showed an increasing trend, while the resistance ratios for deltamethrin and propoxur showed decreasing trends. From 2019 to 2022, a total of 16 kinds of insecticides were used in Shizuishan, and pyrethroids were most common, which accounted for 66.66%, 41.67%, and 42.86% of all the insecticide types used in 2019, 2021, and 2022, respectively; and the annual consumption of pyrethroids was highest, accounting for 82.31%, 36.36%, and 59.08% of the total consumption in the three years, respectively. Conclusions M. domestica in Shizuishan has developed different levels of resistance to beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and propoxur, which is consistent with local use of the three insecticides. The three insecticides should be used in a rotational way with other insecticides without cross-resistance, so as to delay the development of the resistance of M. domestica.
[1] Han K,Zhang SB,Yang C,et al. Survey on insecticides resistance of Musca domestica to five insecticides from some areas in Ningxia[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28（5）：499-501. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.025.（in Chinese） 韩坤,张术斌,杨聪,等. 宁夏部分地区家蝇对5种卫生杀虫剂的抗药性调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28（5）：499-501. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.05.025.
[2] Liu QY. Impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases and related response strategies in China：Major research findings and recommendations for future research[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32（1）：1-11. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.01.001.（in Chinese） 刘起勇. 气候变化对中国媒介生物传染病的影响及应对：重大研究发现及未来研究建议[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32（1）：1-11. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.01.001.
[3] Chen D,Zhang RL,Liu J,et al. Advances in the study of pathogens carried by flies[J]. J Pathog Biol,2016,11（8）：765-768. DOI：10.13350/j.cjpb.160821.（in Chinese） 陈丹,张瑞玲,刘婧,等. 蝇类携带病原体研究进展[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志,2016,11（8）：765-768. DOI：10.13350/j.cjpb.160821.
[4] Jiang L. Progress of resistance mechanisms study of the housefly[J]. Port Health Control,2015,20（3）：56-60. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-5777.2015.03.017.（in Chinese） 姜陆. 家蝇抗性机制研究进展[J]. 口岸卫生控制,2015,20（3）：56-60. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-5777.2015.03.017.
[5] Yang X,Mou R,Liang QG,et al. Frequency and polymorphism of acetylcholinesterase gene involved in the organophosphate resistance of Musca domestica in Guizhou Province,China[J]. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol,2023,114（3）：e22045. DOI：10.1002/arch.22045.
[6] Chao GG,Lyu W,Lu BJ,Resistance of Musca domestica to four commonly used insecticides in Xianyang in2010 and 2017[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2018,24（4）：352-354. DOI：10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.04.010.（in Chinese） 晁国刚,吕文,路宝军,等. 2010年和2017年咸阳市家蝇对4种杀虫剂的抗性调查[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2018,24（4）：352-354. DOI：10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.04.010.
[7] Huang ZG,Xian J,Hu J,et al. Resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in China[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2015,21（3）：306-308,313. DOI：10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.03.031.（in Chinese） 黄志光,鲜军,胡俊,等. 我国家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性现状分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21（3）：306-308,313. DOI：10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.03.031.
[8] Fan ZD. Fauna Sinica. Insecta vol. 49,Dipterta：Muscidae （Ⅰ） [M]. Beijing：Science Press,2008：761-762. （in Chinese） 范滋德. 中国动物志. 第四十九卷. 昆虫纲. 双翅目. 蝇科（一）[M]. 北京：科学出版社,2008：761-762.
[9] Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. GB/T 26350-2010Test methods of fly resistance to insecticides-The bioassay methods forMusca domestica[S]. Beijing：Standards Press of China,2011. （in Chinese） 中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 26350—2010蝇类抗药性检测方法家蝇生物测定法[S]. 北京：中国标准出版社,2011.
[10] Zhang YJ,Zhao CC,Feng XM,et al. Establishment of baseline sensitivity of laboratory strains of houseflies to commonly used insecticides[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2023,34（6）：719-722. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.06.002.（in Chinese） 张亚军,赵春春,冯星明,等. 实验室品系家蝇对常用杀虫剂敏感基线的建立[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2023,34（6）：719-722. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.06.002.
[11] Zhang K,Zhang W,Zhang S,et al. Susceptibility of Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus （Hemiptera：Delphacidae） to six insecticides in China[J]. J Econ Entomol,2014,107（5）：1916-1922. DOI：10.1603/EC14156.
[12] Gao YY,Wu Y,Du GJ,et al. An investigation of resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used public health insecticides in Chengde,Hebei Province,China,2020[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2022,33（3）：434-437. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.03.023.（in Chinese） 高杨叶,武英,杜国君,等. 河北省承德市2020年家蝇对常用卫生杀虫剂的抗药性调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2022,33（3）：434-437. DOI：10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.03.023.
[13] Han K,Zhang SB,Wu JH,et al. Survey on the insecticide resistance of Culex pipiens pallens and Musca domestica from some areas in Ningxia[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2021,27（1）：14-17. DOI：10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.01.004.（in Chinese） 韩坤,张术斌,吴建华,等. 宁夏部分地区淡色库蚊和家蝇的抗药性调查[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2021,27（1）：14-17. DOI：10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.01.004.
[14] 王友军,张学太,吴嘉徽.甘肃省白银市家蝇对5种杀虫剂的抗药性检测[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2022,33(2): 234-238. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.02.013. Wang YJ,Zhang XT,Wu JH. Resistance testing of Musca domestica to five insecticides in Baiyin City of Gansu Province, China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2022,33(2):234-238. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.02.013. (in Chinese)
[15] 江汉鹏,饶志云,凌春燕,等.江西省抚州市2021年白纹伊蚊生态学、抗药性监测及卫生杀虫剂使用状况调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2022,33(6):828-833. DOI:10.11853/j. issn.1003.8280.2022.06.012. Jiang HP,Rao ZY,Ling CY,et al. Surveillance of Aedes albopictus ecology,insecticide resistance,and investigation on hygienic insecticides application in Fuzhou City,Jiangxi Province,China in 2021[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2022, 33(6):828-833. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.06.012. (in Chinese)
[16] 侯银续,刘志伟,张燕婕,等. 2021年合肥市家蝇对6种常用卫生杀虫剂的抗药性调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2023, 34(1):105-108. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.019. Hou YX,Liu ZW,Zhang YJ,et al. Resistance of Musca domestica to six insecticides commonly used in Hefei,China,2021[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2023,34(1):105-108. DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.01.019. (in Chinese)
[17] 刘艳,李梅,邱星辉.家蝇对氯菊酯抗性的分子机制研究[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2020,27(2):106-111. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2020.02.007. Liu Y,Li M,Qiu XH. Pinpointing the molecular mechanisms of permethrin resistance in the housefly Musca domestica[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2020,27(2):106-111. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2020.02.007. (in Chinese)
[18] 吴海霞,鲁亮,孟凤霞,等. 2006-2015年我国蝇类监测报告[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(1):5-10. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.002. Wu HX,Lu L,Meng FX,et al. Reports on national surveillance of flies in China,2006-2015[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018, 29(1):5-10. DOI:10.11853/j. issn. 1003.8280.2018.01.002.(in Chinese)
