目的 调查和了解云南省元江-红河流域居民区蚊虫的种类与分布,分析该地区蚊种构成和分布特征,为该地区蚊媒传染病的防控提供参考数据。方法 2022年7—8月和2023年6月在元江-红河流域的上游、中游和下游地区共选择5个县（市）的9个乡村居民区为调查样区,使用诱蚊灯法在夜间开展蚊类的调查取样。使用Excel 2013汇总数据并分析,计算Berger-Parker优势度指数（I）确定优势蚊种,对不同地区的蚊密度比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,纬度与丰富度和密度相关性的分析采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果 2次现场调查共捕获雌蚊2亚科7属29种,共计76 710只。三带喙库蚊（I=0.73）和中华按蚊（I=0.21）是流域的优势蚊种。在所有蚊种中,三带喙库蚊密度最高,为430.57只/（灯·夜）,其次是中华按蚊,密度为126.79只/（灯·夜）。不同区域的蚊密度差异无统计学意义（H=3.773,P=0.152）。元江-红河流域由北向南,随着纬度的降低,蚊虫物种丰富度（rs=-0.678,P=0.045）和蚊密度（rs=-0.745,P=0.021）呈现升高的趋势。结论 元江-红河流域三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊的密度较高,建议防控部门加强蚊媒密度和流行性乙型脑炎病例的监测。
Objective To investigate the species and distribution of mosquitoes in the residential areas of the Yuanjiang River-Red River basin, Yunnan Province, China, and to analyze their species composition and distribution characteristics, so as to provide reference data for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in this region. Methods During July to August in 2022 and June in 2023, mosquitoes were collected using light traps at night in nine rural residential areas selected from five counties/cities located in the upstream, midstream,and downstream areas of the Yuanjiang River-Red River basin. Excel 2013 software was used for data pooling and analysis. The Berger-Parker index (I) was calculated to determine the dominant mosquito species. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the densities of mosquitoes in different regions. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between latitude and the richness and density of mosquitoes. Results A total of 76 710 female mosquitoes belonging to 29 species in 7 genera under 2 subfamilies were captured in the two field surveys. Culex tritaeniorhynchus (I=0.73) and Anopheles sinensis (I=0.21) were the dominant mosquito species in the basin. Among all the mosquito species, the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was highest at 430.57 mosquitoes/night·lamp, followed by An. sinensis at 126.79 mosquitoes/night·lamp. There was no significant difference in mosquito density between different regions (H=3.773, P=0.152). With the decrease in latitude from the north to south of the basin, increasing trends were observed for mosquito species richness (rs=-0.678, P=0.045) and density (rs=-0.745, P=0.021). Conclusion The densities of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis are high in the Yuanjiang River-Red River basin,where health departments should strengthen the surveillance of mosquito density and cases of Japanese encephalitis.
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