目的 掌握山西省不同地区蝇类种群、密度及季节消长情况,为蝇类及其传播疾病的风险评估和防控提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2018—2022年山西省3个国家级监测点5—11月蝇密度监测数据,分析不同年份、不同生境蝇密度差异以及季节消长规律。使用Excel 2010软件对监测数据进行汇总,使用SPSS 26.0对不同年份、地区和生境间蝇密度差异进行单因素方差分析。结果 2018—2022年共布放诱蝇笼1 609笼,捕蝇6 400只,平均蝇密度为3.98只/笼,2020年蝇密度最高,为7.72只/笼,其次是2021年,为5.01只/笼,2022年密度最低,为1.62只/笼。优势种为家蝇和麻蝇科蝇种,占比分别为81.94%和7.94%；蝇密度季节消长趋势呈现单峰型,7—8月为蝇密度高峰期。3个国家级监测点中,晋中市蝇密度最高,为6.98只/笼,太原市蝇密度最低,为1.39只/笼,不同地区间蝇密度差异有统计学意义（F=10.895,P<0.001）。在不同生境中,农贸市场蝇密度最高,为6.92只/笼,其次是餐饮外环境,为4.10只/笼,绿化带密度最低,为1.60只/笼,不同生境间蝇密度差异有统计学意义（F=4.626,P=0.003）。结论 山西省人居及周边环境中家蝇为优势蝇种,农贸市场和餐饮外环境为蝇类活动重点场所,建议在蝇类活动高峰期前采取防制措施,降低蝇密度,减少蝇类传染病的发生。
Objective To investigate the species, density, and seasonal fluctuations of flies in different regions of Shanxi Province, China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the risk assessment and prevention and control of flies and fly-borne diseases. Methods Fly density data during May to November at three national surveillance sites in Shanxi Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected to characterize fly density by year and habitat and fly seasonality. Excel 2010 software was used for data collation. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform one-way analysis of variance to analyze the difference in fly density between different years, regions, and habitats. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 1 609 fly traps were deployed, and 6 400 flies were caught. The average density of flies was 3.98 flies/trap. Fly density was highest in 2020 (7.72 flies/trap), followed by 2021 (5.01 flies/trap), and lowest in 2022 (1.62 flies/trap). The dominant species were Musca domestica and Sarcophagidae flies, accounting for 81.94% and 7.94%, respectively. Fly density showed a single peak during July to August. Among the three national surveillance sites, the density of flies in Jinzhong was highest (6.98 flies/trap), while that in Taiyuan was lowest (1.39 flies/trap). There was a significant difference in fly density between different areas (F=10.895, P<0.001). In terms of habitats, farmers' markets had the highest fly density (6.92 flies/trap), followed by restaurant surroundings (4.10 flies/trap), and green belts had the lowest density (1.60 flies/trap), showing a significant difference between different habitats (F=4.626, P=0.003). Conclusions Musca domestica is the dominant fly species in human settlements and surrounding environments in Shanxi Province, and farmers' markets and restaurant surroundings are key places of activity for flies. It is recommended to take control measures before the peak of fly activity to reduce the density of flies and the occurrence of fly-borne infectious diseases.
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