Objective To grasp the basic knowledge of pathogens carried by small mammals in Wuxi, 2020-2023, so as to get a basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases. Methods Small mammals were captured with rodent cages, sticky boards and night-snap trapping metheds in various habitats of Wuxi. The habitats included urban residential areas, rural residential areas, key industries (such as restaurants, supermarkets, food factories, hotels, express companies), and farmlands. After species identification, the collected small mammals were dissected to obtain the liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissues to detect the nucleic acids of Leptospira interrogans, Rickettsia typhi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella, Orienta tsutsugamushi, Francisella tularensi, Hantavirus and Dabie bandavirus by TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or reverse transcription-qPCR. Excel 2013 and R 3.6.2 softwares were used for data collation and statistical analysis. Positive rates were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 618 small mammals were collected from 2020 to 2023, of which 6.31% (39/618) were positive for L. interrogans, 0.81% (5/618) were positive for Hantavirus (all Seoul virus), and none was positive for R. typhi, A. phagocytophilum, Bartonella, O. tsutsugamushi, F. tularensis and Dabie bandavirus. There was significant difference in the positive rate of L. interrogans between different years (χ2=42.352,P<0.001), with the positive rate 19.81% in 2020, which was significantly higher than those in the other years. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Hantavirus between different years (χ2=1.920,P=0.591). Niviventer confucianus, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Rattus norvegicus, and Ra. tanezumi had high infection rates of L. interrogans (all>6.00%). Hantavirus infection was present in Ra. norvegicus (2.14%) and Ra. tanezumi (0.33%). The rate of coinfection with L. interrogans and Hantavirus in Ra. norvegicus was 0.16%. By region, the positive rate of L. interrogans in Xishan District was highest (17.86%). By habitat, the positive rate of rodent-borne pathogens in rural residential areas was relatively high (16.13%). Conclusions The infection rates of L. interrogans and Hantavirus (Seoul virus) are high in small mammals in Wuxi. It is necessary to strengthen surveillance, the prevention and control of rodents and related pathogens, to reduce the incidence of human cases.
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