目的 通过分析鼠疫监测数据,掌握主要宿主种群数量和分布,为及时预测动物间鼠疫,制定防控对策和落实有效措施提供科学依据,避免人间鼠疫的发生。方法 收集2014-2022年内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）鄂尔多斯市鼠疫监测数据,其中鄂托克前旗作为国家级监测点,按照《鼠疫全国重点监测点监测方案》进行系统性监测,其余监测点执行《内蒙古自治区鼠疫监测工作方案》,对主要宿主、媒介的种群密度进行监测,同时进行鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）病原学及血清学检测。采用SPSS 25.0软件对监测数据进行分析,率的比较采用χ2检验。结果 2014-2022年共捕获鼠7 721只,其中长爪沙鼠7 623只,长爪沙鼠密度为2.21～7.31只/hm2,重点监测区与一般监测区长爪沙鼠密度分别为5.14和3.66只/hm2。鼠体染蚤率为33.49%,重点监测区与一般监测区染蚤率分别为35.14%和32.73%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.512,P=0.004）。平均体蚤指数为0.96,优势蚤种为同形客蚤指名亚种和秃病蚤蒙冀亚种。共分离到43株鼠疫菌,检出阳性血清3份,PCR核酸检测阳性4份。结论 2014-2022年内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鼠疫自然疫源地动物间疫情较为活跃,疫情传播至人间的风险较高。应加强鼠疫监测,做好群众健康教育,提高基层人员诊疗水平和应急响应能力,避免人间鼠疫发生及鼠疫远距离输出。
Objective To investigate the number and distribution of main plague host populations for timely prediction of animal plague based on plague surveillance data, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing and implementing prevention and control measures against the occurrence of human plague.Methods The plague surveillance data of Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2014 to 2022 were collected, in which the data of Otog Front Banner (a national surveillance point) were systematically monitored in accordance with the National Plague Surveillance Program for Key Places, and the other surveillance points implemented the Inner Mongolia Plague Surveillance Program to monitor the main hosts, vector quantity, population density, etiology, and serology. The surveillance data were analyzed with the use of SPSS 25.0, and the rates were compared using the Chi-square test.Results A total of 7 721 rodents were captured, including 7 623 Meriones unguiculatus rodents (density ranging from 2.21 to 7.31 inds/hm2). The Meriones unguiculatus density of the key surveillance area and the general surveillance areas were 5.14 and 3.66 inds/hm2. The rodent body flea infestation rate was 33.49%, and the rate of flea infestation differed significantly between the key surveillance area (35.14%) and the general surveillance areas (32.73%) (χ2=8.512, P=0.004). The average booly flea index was 0.96. The dominant flea species were Xenopsylla conformis conformis and Nosopsyllus laevicepskuzenkovi. A total of 43 strains of Yersinia pestis were seperated, serology tested positive for 3 samples, and PCR tested positive for 4 nucleic acid samples.Conclusions Animal plague was active at the natural plague foci of Ordos, Inner Mongolia during 2014 to 2022, with a high risk of spread to humans. Efforts should be made to strengthen plague surveillance, enhance health education for the public, improve the capabilities of primary medical professionals, and ensure timely emergency capability, to avoid the occurrence of human plague and long-distance transmission of plague.
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