海南省2020－2022年蚊虫生态学监测结果分析

刘莹, 吴群, 刘璞瑜, 曾雪霞, 孙定炜

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.01.005

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 >

2024 , Vol. 35 >Issue 1: 26 - 31

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.01.005

媒介生物监测

海南省2020－2022年蚊虫生态学监测结果分析

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海南省预防医学科学院, 海南省疾病预防控制中心热带病与慢性病防控所, 海南海口 570203

刘莹，女，硕士，副研究员，主要从事热带病与慢性病防控工作，E-mail：liuying4141@163.com

收稿日期: 2023-09-08

网络出版日期: 2024-03-05

基金资助

海南省科技专项（ZDYF2023SHFZ134，ZDKJ2021035）；海南省自然科学基金（821MS0844）

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Analysis of mosquito ecological surveillance results in Hainan Province， China， 2020-2022

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Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine, Institute for Tropical and Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China

Received date: 2023-09-08

Online published: 2024-03-05

Supported by

Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province of China (No. ZDYF2023SHFZ134, ZDKJ2021035); Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China (No. 821MS0844)

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摘要

目的了解海南省2020－2022年的蚊虫分布情况，为中国（海南）自由贸易试验区封关后的输入性蚊媒传染病传播风险研判提供常见蚊虫的生态学监测资料。方法在全省18个市（县）全年开展蚊虫生态学监测，成蚊采用诱蚊灯法和双层叠帐法，幼蚊采用布雷图指数（BI）法；用R 4.3.1软件对不同年份、区域的蚊虫进行多样本均值比较的单因素方差分析，对有差异的结果采用最小显著性差异法进一步两两比较。结果 2020－2022年共布灯12 240台，捕获雌蚊41 087只，蚊密度在1.59～4.55只/（灯·夜）间波动，平均密度为3.36只/（灯·夜），各年度蚊密度差异有统计学意义（F=4.810，P=0.015）。伊蚊成蚊帐诱指数在0.06～1.74只/（顶·h）间波动，平均帐诱指数为0.90只/（顶·h），各年度帐诱指数差异无统计学意义（F=2.697，P=0.082）。伊蚊幼蚊BI值在2.13～6.60间波动，平均BI值为4.13，各年度BI值差异无统计学意义（F=2.969，P=0.065）。诱蚊灯法蚊密度呈明显的季节性分布，夏季高于冬季；6－8月白纹伊蚊密度较高，有明显的季节性波动，12月至次年2月的密度最低，之后呈上升趋势，8月之后整体呈下降趋势；对不同干湿气候区的年均指标进行方差分析，蚊密度（F=7.758，P<0.001）和BI值（F=11.630，P<0.001）差异均有统计学意义，帐诱指数差异无统计学意义（F=1.977，P=0.113）。结论 2020－2022年海南省的平均蚊密度、帐诱指数和BI值均处于较低水平，但存在局部地区蚊密度较高的现象，需密切关注封关后蚊虫密度情况。

关键词： 蚊虫; 密度; 伊蚊; 季节性; 输入性风险

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刘莹, 吴群, 刘璞瑜, 曾雪霞, 孙定炜 . 海南省2020－2022年蚊虫生态学监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024 , 35(1) : 26 -31 . DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.01.005

Abstract

Objective To investigate the distribution of mosquito vectors in Hainan Province, China from 2020 to 2022, so as to provide common mosquito ecological surveillance data for analyzing the risk of transmission of imported mosquito-borne diseases after the initiation of China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone operations. Methods In 18 cities (counties) across the province throughout the years, adult mosquitoes were monitored using the light trap method and the double-layered mosquito net method, and larval mosquitoes were monitored using the Breteau index (BI) method. With the use of R 4.3.1 software, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the mean values of different mosquito populations in different years and regions, and if the difference was significant, the least significant difference method was used for further pairwise comparison. Results From 2020 to 2022, a total of 12 240 lamps were set across Hainan Province, and 41 087 female mosquitoes were captured. The density of mosquitoes was 3.36 mosquitoes/light·night. The annual density fluctuated between 1.59 and 4.55 mosquitoes/light·night, and was significantly different in different years (F=4.810, P=0.015). The net trap index for Aedes was 0.90 mosquitoes/net·hour. The annual fluctuated between 0.06 and 1.74 mosquitoes/net·hour, and there was no significant difference in the mean net trap index of different years (F=2.697, P=0.082); The BI for Aedes larvae was 4.13. The annual BI fluctuated between 2.13 and 6.60, and the mean BI showed no significant difference between different years (F=2.969, P=0.065). The mosquito density by the light trap method showed an obvious seasonal pattern, which was higher in summer than in winter; the density of Ae. albopictus also showed obvious seasonality, which was lowest during December to next February, and then increased to high levels during June to August, followed by a downward trend after August. There were significant differences in the mean annual values of adult mosquito density (F=7.758, P<0.001) and BI (F=11.630, P<0.001) between different dry and wet climate zones, but the net trap index showed no significant difference (F=1.977, P=0.113). Conclusions The annual mosquito density, net trap index and BI were all at a low level in Hainan Province from 2020 to 2022, but mosquito density were high in some areas. It is necessary to pay close attention to the mosquito vector density after the closure of the free trade port, and strengthen the surveillance of the vector mosquitoes.

Key words： Mosquito; Density; Aedes; Seasonality; Imported risk

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