Objective By analyzing the surveillance data of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China from 2015 to 2021, to investigate the distribution of host animals of HFRS in Guyuan and their infection with viruses, so as to provide a basis for prevention and control, early warning and prediction of human epidemic in this region. Methods Small mammal trapping in field and residential areas in spring and autumn was carried out annually in accordance with the National Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Monitoring Program in the Jingyuan, Pengyang, Xiji, and Longde Counties and Yuanzhou District of Guyuan from 2015 to 2021. The density, distribution, and species composition were monitored by the night trapping method and analyzed, and the lung and blood specimens of small mammals were collected for antigen and antibody detection. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis, counting data were expressed as rates, and were compared with the Chi-square test (P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference). Results From 2015 to 2021, a total of 5 515 small mammals were captured in Guyuan, with a mean density of 2.00%. The density of small mammals in the field areas (2.18%) was statistically higher than that in the residential areas (1.71%)(χ2=55.920, P<0.001). The density of small mammals was statistically different across years and between different counties (districts) in the field areas (χ2=991.300, 1 202.179, both P<0.001); the dominant rodent species in Jingyuan County, Yuanzhou District, and Longde County were Apodemus agrarius, the dominant rodent species changed from A. agrarius to Rattus norvegicus in Longde county, and the dominant rodent species in Xiji County and Pengyang County were Cricetulus longicaudatus and Mus musculus, respectively. The density of small mammals was statistically different across years and between different counties (districts) in the residential areas (χ2=326.600, 430.500, both P<0.001), and the density of small mammals was generally below 5%. The dominant rodent species in Jingyuan, Xiji, Longde, and Pengyang were all M. musculus, and the dominant rodent species in Yuanzhou was R. norvegicus, with the proportion increased year by year. From 2018 to 2020, the density of small mammals showed a downward trend in the field and residential areas of Jingyuan and Longde, the field areas of Yuanzhou and Xiji, and the residential areas of Pengyang. The density of small animals increased statistically from 2020 to 2021 in the field and residential areas of Yuanzhou and Longde and in the field areas of Pengyang (all P<0.05). The infection rate (antibody positivity rate) of small mammals was 5.48 times the virus-carrying rate (antigen positivity rate) in the 7-year period; the virus-carrying rate of small animals was highest in Jingyuan County (1.05%), and the infection rate of small mammals was highest in Longde County (10.61%). The infection rate of small mammals in residential areas was statistically higher than that in field areas (χ2=12.675, P=0.008), while Hantavirus carrying of small mammals was only detected in the field areas. The virus-carrying rate of A. agrarius (2.94%) was higher than its infection rate (1.96%), and the infection rate of R. norvegicus (3.20%) was higher than its virus-carrying rate (0). Conclusions In recent years, the density of small mammals in Guyuan of Ningxia was generally low, but showed a slight increasing trend in the past two years; the density in the field areas was higher than that in the residential areas. The dominant rodent species were mostly A. agrarius in the field areas and M. musculus in the residential areas. The virus-carrying rate and infection rate of rodents increased significantly in 2021, suggesting that although the density, distribution, and composition of host animals of HFRS in Guyuan of Ningxia have not changed significantly, we still need to be vigilant for outbreaks of human epidemics.
[1] 李涛,孙伟,龚瑞,等. 2005-2016年宁夏流行性出血热疫情分析[J]. 宁夏医科大学学报,2018,40(10):1220-1221. DOI:10.16050/j.cnki.issn1674-6309.2018.10.028.Li T,Sun W,Gong R,et al. Analysis of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Ningxia from 2005 to 2016[J]. J Ningxia Med Univ,2018,40(10):1220-1221. DOI:10.16050/j.cnki.issn1674-6309.2018.10.028.(in Chinese)
[2] 马学旻,孙晓强,马江涛,等. 2013-2017年宁夏流行性出血热宿主动物监测及疫源地调查分析[J]. 宁夏医科大学学报,2018,40(8):953-956. DOI:10.16050/j.cnki.issn1674-6309. 2018.08.021.Ma XM,Sun XQ,Ma JT,et al. Surveillance of host animals and investigation of epidemic foci of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Ningxia,2013-2017[J]. J Ningxia Med Univ,2018,40(8):953-956. DOI:10.16050/j.cnki.issn1674-6309.2018.08.021.(in Chinese)
[3] 李海军,梁玉成,马学旻,等. 西吉县首例流行性出血热病例自然疫源地调查结果分析[J]. 宁夏医学杂志,2016,38(8):762-764. DOI:10.13621/j.1001-5949.2016.08.0762.Li HJ,Liang YC,Ma XM,et al. Analysis of the investigation results of the natural foci of the first epidemic hemorrhagic fever case in Xiji county[J]. Ningxia Med J,2016,38(8):762-764. DOI:10.13621/j.1001-5949.2016.08.0762.(in Chinese)
[4] 中华人民共和国卫生部. 全国肾综合征出血热监测方案(试行)[EB/OL]. (2005-07-26)[2021-12-17]. https://ivdc.chinacdc.cn/jbkz/jsfa/201110/P020111017505587180289.pdf.Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. National surveillance program for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(Trial)[EB/OL]. (2005-07-26)[2021-12-17]. https://ivdc.chinacdc.cn/jbkz/jsfa/201110/P020111017505587180289.pdf.(in Chinese)
[5] 刘小波. 宁夏泾源县肾综合征出血热流行病学调查[D]. 银川:宁夏医科大学,2009.Liu XB. Epidemiological investigation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[D]. Yinchuan:Ningxia Medical University,2009. (in Chinese)
[6] 周济华,张云智,韩茜,等. 云南省2013-2018年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测分析[J]. 医学动物防制,2022,38(4):340-344. DOI:10.7629/yxdwfz202204008.Zhou JH,Zhang YZ,Han X,et al. Surveillance and analysis on host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Yunnan from 2013 to 2018[J]. J Med Pest Control,2022,38(4):340-344. DOI:10.7629/yxdwfz202204008.(in Chinese)
[7] 胡泉博,陈淑红,华华,等. 2017年黑龙江省肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2020,26(4):342-345. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2020.04.013.Hu QB,Chen SH,Hua H,et al. Investigation on the host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Heilongjiang province in 2017[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2020,26(4):342-345. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2020.04.013.(in Chinese)
[8] 谭新,肖丹. 陕西省户县2009-2012年肾综合征出血热流行与宿主动物的关系[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(4):320-322. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.04.009.Tan X,Xiao D. Epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its relationship with rodents in Huxian county,Shaanxi province,China from 2009 to 2012[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2014,25(4):320-322. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 4692.2014.04.009.(in Chinese)
[9] 王芹,李建东,张全福,等. 2014年全国肾综合征出血热监测总结和疫情分析[J]. 疾病监测,2016,31(3):192-199. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.03.005.Wang Q,Li JD,Zhang QF,et al. Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China,2014[J]. Dis Surveill,2016,31(3):192-199. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2016.03.005.(in Chinese)
[10] 李海军,闫毅,马学旻,等. 宁夏泾源县流行性出血热监测结果分析[J]. 宁夏医科大学学报,2016,38(2):179-181. DOI:10.16050/j.cnki.issn1674-6309.2016.02.017.Li HJ,Yan Y,Ma XM,et al. Surveillance of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Jingyuan county,Ningxia[J]. J Ningxia Med Univ,2016,38(2):179-181. DOI:10.16050/j.cnki.issn1674-6309.2016.02.017.(in Chinese)
[11] 刘吉祥,蒯文和. 宁夏传染病预防控制15年[M]. 银川:阳光出版社,2019:193-194.Liu JX,Kuai WH. Prevention and control of infectious diseases in Ningxia,China[M]. Yinchuan:Sunshine Press,2019:193-194. (in Chinese)
[12] 李涛,路宗仁,马学旻,等. 2015-2017年宁夏西吉县流行性出血热人间疫情及宿主动物监测分析[J]. 医学动物防制,2018,34(12):1155-1157. DOI:10.7629/yxdwfz201812010.Li T,Lu ZR,Ma XM,et al. Surveillance and analysis of human epidemic situation and host animals of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Xiji county,Ningxia,2015-2017[J]. J Med Pest Control,2018,34(12):1155-1157. DOI:10.7629/yxdwfz201812010.(in Chinese)
[13] 司晓艳,白国辉,宋利桃,等. 内蒙古自治区人居环境2017-2019年鼠类监测数据分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2021,32(5):586-589. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021. 05.015.Si XY,Bai GH,Song LT,et al. An analysis of rodent surveillance data in human settlements of Inner Mongolia,China,in 2017-2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2021,32(5):586-589. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.05.015.(in Chinese)
[14] 靳铁治,吴瑞,陈海龙,等. 西安市肾综合征出血热宿主动物调查及病原分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(4):379-382. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.04.013.Jin TZ,Wu R,Chen HL,et al. Investigation and analysis on host animals and pathogen of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Xi'an city,Shaanxi,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2015,26(4):379-382. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015. 04.013.(in Chinese)
[15] 李红兵,付海龙,胡侃,等. 2014-2018年宝鸡市肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2020,26(6):529-532. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2020.06.007.Li HB,Fu HL,Hu K,et al. Survey on host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Baoji city of Shaanxi province from 2014 to 2018[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2020,26(6):529-532. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2020.06.007.(in Chinese)
[16] 王妍,魏亚梅,韩旭,等. 河北省肾综合征出血热疫区鼠类构成及其携带汉坦病毒调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):553-556. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017. 06.009.Wang Y,Wei YM,Han X,et al. Host rodent and gene characteristics of Hantavirus in main endemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hebei province[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28(6):553-556. DOI:10. 11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.009.(in Chinese)
[17] 刘天,夏世国,梅芳盛,等. 湖北省荆州市2017-2018年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(4):469-473. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2020.04.019.Liu T,Xia SG,Mei FS,et al. Surveillance results of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Jingzhou,Hubei province,China from 2017 to 2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(4):469-473. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2020.04.019.(in Chinese)
[18] 隋丹,邹明文,王艳. 鞍山市鼠带毒指数对流行性出血热疫情预测的探讨[J]. 中国热带医学,2017,17(1):96-97. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2017.01.24.Sui D,Zou MW,Wang Y. Prediction of epidemic hemorrhagic fever incidence based on rat virus index in Anshan[J]. China Trop Med,2017,17(1):96-97. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2017.01.24.(in Chinese)
