目的 通过分析安徽省金寨县近10年斑疹伤寒流行特征,为科学防控斑疹伤寒提供依据。方法 病例资料来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述流行病学方法对2013－2022年金寨县斑疹伤寒病例报告数据特征进行系统分析。定性资料用率或构成比表述,采用χ2检验对其指标进行统计学分析。结果 2013－2022年,金寨县斑疹伤寒报告病例426例,年均发病率8.23/10万,无死亡病例报告；4－9月（春夏季）为发病高峰,发病数占报告病例总数的85.68%（365/426）；女性发病率高于男性,男女性别比为0.62∶1,不同性别发病差异有统计学意义（χ2=30.878,P<0.001）；60～<70岁年龄组发病率最高（256.67/10万）；职业分布以农民为主（93.90%）；23个乡镇中22个有病例报告。结论 斑疹伤寒病例在金寨县分布广泛,以农民发病为主,中老年人群高发,发病具有明显的性别差异和季节性。需加强重点地区、高危人群的疾病监测和防控工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhus fever in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, China in recent ten years, so as to provide a basis for scientific control of typhus fever.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to systematically analyze the characteristics of the surveillance data on cases of typhus fever in Jinzhai County from 2013 to 2022 collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Qualitative data were described as rates or constituent ratios, and analyzed using the Chi-squared test.Results From 2013 to 2022, 426 cases of typhus fever were reported in Jinzhai County, with a mean annual incidence of 8.23/100 000, and no deaths were reported. The incidence peak occurred between April and September (spring and summer), during which the number of cases accounted for 85.68% (365/426) of the total number of cases reported. The incidence of typhus fever was significantly higher among women than among men (χ2=30.878, P<0.001), and the male-to-female ratio was about 0.62:1. The incidence of typhus fever was highest in the age group of 60-<70 years (256.67/100 000). A vast majority of cases were farmers among occupations (93.90%). Cases were reported in 22 of 23 townships.Conclusions Cases of typhus fever were widely reported across Jinzhai County, predominantly affecting farmers and middle-aged and elderly people, with significant sex difference and seasonality. Therefore, typhus fever surveillance, prevention, and control should be strengthened for high-incidence areas and high-risk populations.
[1] He LY,Xu CB. Tropical medicine[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House,2004:336-338. （in Chinese） 贺联印,许炽熛. 热带医学[M]. 2版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2004:336-338.
[2] Yu ES. Chinese zoonotology[M]. 2nd ed. Fuzhou:Fujian Science and Technology Press,1996:532-547. （in Chinese） 于恩庶. 中国人兽共患病学[M]. 2版. 福州:福建科学技术出版社,1996:532-547.
[3] Gao Y,Niu YL,Liu XB,et al. Typhus in China:The interval between onset of disease and diagnosis and its influencing factors[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30（4）:379-382. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.04.005.（in Chinese） 高源,牛彦麟,刘小波,等. 中国斑疹伤寒病例发病至确诊时间间隔及影响因素分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30（4）:379-382. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019. 04.005.
[4] Han L,Zhang YF,Teng ZQ,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of typhus in China,1950-2021[J]. Chin J Epidemiol,2023,44（3）:430-437. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220805-00690.（in Chinese） 韩玲,张云飞,滕中秋,等. 1950－2021年中国斑疹伤寒流行特征分析[J]. 中华流行病学杂志,2023,44（3）:430-437. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220805-00690.
[5] Fu QM,Li FR,Hu SS,et al. Investigation on the foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in forest area of Jinzhai county[J]. Anhui J Prev Med,2001,7（1）:31-32.（in Chinese） 付启明,李芙蓉,胡述松,等. 金寨县林区肾综合征出血热疫源地调查[J]. 安徽预防医学杂志,2001,7（1）:31-32.
[6] Zhang L,Li SA,Li Z,et al. An overview of important tick-borne diseases and pathogens in humans and animals in Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Region[J]. China Anim Health,2023,25（2）:1-3. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-4754.2023.02.001.（in Chinese） 张柳,李思昂,李正,等. 蒙新区人畜重要蜱传疾病及病原体研究概述[J]. 中国动物保健,2023,25（2）:1-3. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-4754.2023.02.001.
[7] Bie SS,Du CH. Research progress on emerging tick-borne rickettsiosis in China[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2021,28（4）:263-270. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2021.04.010.（in Chinese） 别双双,杜春红. 我国新发蜱传立克次体病研究进展[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2021,28（4）:263-270. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2021.04.010.
[8] Han XL,Gao W,Gao ZM,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Hebei province from 2011 to 2020[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2023,29（1）:43-47. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2023. 01.014.（in Chinese） 韩晓莉,高文,高哲敏,等. 2011－2020年河北省斑疹伤寒流行特征分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2023,29（1）:43-47. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2023.01.014.
[9] Cao YO,Zhou XY,Yuan H,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Sichuan province from 2005 to 2022[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2023,29（2）:122-125. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2023.02.007.（in Chinese） 曹一鸥,周兴余,袁珩,等. 2005－2022年四川省斑疹伤寒流行特征分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2023,29（2）:122-125. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2023.02.007.
[10] Xie SY,Lyu Y,Sun J,et al. Survey on antibody of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus （SFTSV） in west of Anhui province[J]. Acta Univ Med Anhui,2018,53（3）:386-389. DOI:10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2018.03.012.（in Chinese） 解少煜,吕勇,孙婕,等. 皖西地区发热伴血小板减少综合征现状调查[J]. 安徽医科大学学报,2018,53（3）:386-389. DOI:10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2018.03.012.
[11] Lyu Y,Wu JB,Xu PP,et al. Human-to-human transmission epidemic of sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in western Anhui province[J]. Chin J Public Health,2014,30（9）:1129-1132. DOI:10.11847/zgggws2014-30-09-07.（in Chinese） 吕勇,吴家兵,徐鹏鹏,等. 皖西地区发热伴血小板减少综合征人传人疫情调查[J]. 中国公共卫生,2014,30（9）:1129-1132. DOI:10.11847/zgggws2014-30-09-07.
[12] Jin XJ,Liao JS,Chen QQ,et al. Diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in five species of ticks collected from Jinzhai county,Anhui province,China in 2021-2022[J]. Front Microbiol,2023,14:1141217. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141217.
[13] Yang H,Sun J,Xu PP,et al. A comparative study of the clinical characteristics of spotted fever and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome[J]. China Trop Med,2023,23（4）:373-377. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2023.04.10.（in Chinese） 杨慧,孙婕,徐鹏鹏,等. 斑点热与发热伴血小板减少综合征临床流行特征的对比研究[J]. 中国热带医学,2023,23（4）:373-377. DOI:10.13604/j.cnki.46-1064/r.2023.04.10.
