目的 掌握黑龙江省漠河口岸鼠的种类、分布、季节消长及携带病原体情况,为该口岸深入开展鼠类及相关传染病防治研究提供参考和依据。方法 采用夹夜法于2019－2022年每年的5－8月开展鼠密度监测,每月连续监测3 d。应用巢式PCR和普通PCR方法,对采集的鼠类样本开展斑点热群立克次体（SFGR）、鼠疫耶尔森菌、伯氏疏螺旋体等11种鼠源病原体检测。采用χ2检验比较鼠类密度和鼠类携带病原体阳性率差异。结果 捕获鼠类1目3科6属7种共208只。黑线姬鼠为该地区优势种,占35.58%；朝鲜姬鼠次之,占16.83%。共检出6种病原体,总阳性率50.48%；其中SFGR阳性率最高（40.38%）,其次为汉坦病毒（11.54%）和伯氏疏螺旋体（3.85%）。病原体复合感染鼠20只,占总阳性数的19.05%,其中3种病原体复合感染鼠1只。结论 漠河口岸鼠类携带汉坦病毒、伯氏疏螺旋体和SFGR等多种病原体,应重点加强该地区的鼠类及鼠源疾病的预警监测。
Objective To investigate the species, distribution, seasonal variation, and pathogens of rodents at Mohe Port in Heilongjiang Province in China, so as to provide a reference for in-depth research on rodent control and the prevention and treatment of related infectious diseases in this port.Methods The night snap trapping method was used to conduct the surveillance of rodent density from May to August in each year from 2019 to 2022, for three consecutive days each month. Nested PCR and ordinary PCR methods were used to detect 11 pathogens in the samples of rodents collected, including spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR), Yersinia pestis, and Borrelia burgdorferi. The Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in rodent density and the positive rate of pathogens carried by the rodents.Results A total of 208 rodents of 7 species belonging to 1 order, 3 families, and 6 genera were captured. Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in this region, accounting for 35.58%, followed by A. peninsulae, accounting for 16.83%. A total of 6 pathogens were detected, with an overall positive rate of 50.48%, among which SFGR had the highest positive rate of 40.38%, followed by Hantavirus (11.54%) and B. burgdorferi (3.85%). There were 20 rodents with co-infection of pathogens, accounting for 19.05% of the total number of rodents with positive pathogens, among which one rodent was infected with 3 pathogens.Conclusion The rodents at Mohe Port carry a variety of pathogens such as Hantavirus, B. burgdorferi, and SFGR, and it is necessary to strengthen the early warning and surveillance of rodents and rodent-borne diseases in this area.
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